Short Story - 907 Words

She glanced around at the crowd of people, on their faces she could see fear. She couldn’t really blame them, she was also fearful. She knew that at any given second that they could be attacked and killed. She uttered out a sigh as she bit down on her lip.The moment she felt his hand take hold of hers all her fear seemed to melt away. He was the only one that could manage to do that, she wasn’t sure what she would do without him and it frightened her. Giving his hand a gentle squeeze she slowly turned her head to look at him, her dark hues stared into his. Spreading across her face was a smile when she heard him. â€Å"Are you worried about me?† She whispered in a soft voice, she was going to tease him, but the look upon his face told her she†¦show more content†¦Her index finger tapped against it. She made a face when she heard his comment it was enough to make her stomach turn. She was starting to see why Eric didn’t like him. Though she wasnâ⠂¬â„¢t going to let him know what he had just said bothered her. Taking in a deep breath she forced a smile, â€Å"Alright, I’ll go round up as many of them as I can.† She stated with a slight nod of the head. Turning she began to walk opposite of Cain, heading off towards the house associated with the first name on the list. As she walked she passed a yard where a few children played, the sound of their laughter brought a smile to her face. before coming to a stop. They were the reason she was willing to fight for this place. She nodded her head and picked up her pace, within a matter of seconds she stood directly in front of a house. Flipping open the book, she shifted her gaze off the house and down at the book, running her finger straight across to see the health and age of the person. With a nod of the head, she closed the book and turned to look back at the house. â€Å"Here goes nothing.† She mumbled to herself as she walked up the steps to the front door. Extending her arm out towards the door, she allowed her knuckles to collide with the door, knocking not once but twice. As she stood there waiting she tapped the book against her thigh, rocking back and forth. When she heard the creaking of wood growing lowered, she knewShow MoreRelatedshort story1018 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Short Stor ies:  Ã‚  Characteristics †¢Short  - Can usually be read in one sitting. †¢Concise:  Ã‚  Information offered in the story is relevant to the tale being told.  Ã‚  This is unlike a novel, where the story can diverge from the main plot †¢Usually tries to leave behind a  single impression  or effect.  Ã‚  Usually, though not always built around one character, place, idea, or act. †¢Because they are concise, writers depend on the reader bringing  personal experiences  and  prior knowledge  to the story. Four MajorRead MoreThe Short Stories Ideas For Writing A Short Story Essay1097 Words   |  5 Pageswriting a short story. Many a time, writers run out of these short story ideas upon exhausting their sources of short story ideas. If you are one of these writers, who have run out of short story ideas, and the deadline you have for coming up with a short story is running out, the short story writing prompts below will surely help you. Additionally, if you are being tormented by the blank Microsoft Word document staring at you because you are not able to come up with the best short story idea, youRead MoreShort Story1804 Words   |  8 PagesShort story: Definition and History. A  short story  like any other term does not have only one definition, it has many definitions, but all of them are similar in a general idea. According to The World Book Encyclopedia (1994, Vol. 12, L-354), â€Å"the short story is a short work of fiction that usually centers around a single incident. Because of its shorter length, the characters and situations are fewer and less complicated than those of a novel.† In the Cambridge Advanced Learner’s DictionaryRead MoreShort Stories648 Words   |  3 Pageswhat the title to the short story is. The short story theme I am going conduct on is â€Å"The Secret Life of Walter Mitty’ by James Thurber (1973). In this short story the literary elements being used is plot and symbols and the theme being full of distractions and disruption. The narrator is giving a third person point of view in sharing the thoughts of the characters. Walter Mitty the daydreamer is very humorous in the different plots of his dr ifting off. In the start of the story the plot, symbols,Read MoreShort Stories1125 Words   |  5 PagesThe themes of short stories are often relevant to real life? To what extent do you agree with this view? In the short stories â€Å"Miss Brill† and â€Å"Frau Brechenmacher attends a wedding† written by Katherine Mansfield, the themes which are relevant to real life in Miss Brill are isolation and appearance versus reality. Likewise Frau Brechenmacher suffers through isolation throughout the story and also male dominance is one of the major themes that are highlighted in the story. These themes areRead MoreShort Story and People1473 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Title: Story Of An Hour Author: Kate Chopin I. On The Elements / Literary Concepts The short story Story Of An Hour is all about the series of emotions that the protagonist, Mrs. Mallard showed to the readers. With the kind of plot of this short story, it actually refers to the moments that Mrs. Mallard knew that all this time, her husband was alive. For the symbol, I like the title of this short story because it actually symbolizes the time where Mrs. Mallard died with joy. And with thatRead MoreShort Story Essay1294 Words   |  6 PagesA short story concentrates on creating a single dynamic effect and is limited in character and situation. It is a language of maximum yet economical effect. Every word must do a job, sometimes several jobs. Short stories are filled with numerous language and sound devices. These language and sound devices create a stronger image of the scenario or the characters within the text, which contribute to the overall pre-designed effect.As it is shown in the metaphor lipstick bleeding gently in CinnamonRead MoreRacism in the Short Stor ies1837 Words   |  7 PagesOften we read stories that tell stories of mixing the grouping may not always be what is legal or what people consider moral at the time. The things that you can learn from someone who is not like you is amazing if people took the time to consider this before judging someone the world as we know it would be a completely different place. The notion to overlook someone because they are not the same race, gender, creed, religion seems to be the way of the world for a long time. Racism is so prevalentRead MoreThe Idol Short Story1728 Words   |  7 PagesThe short stories â€Å"The Idol† by Adolfo Bioy Casares and â€Å"Axolotl† by Julio Cortà ¡zar address the notion of obsession, and the resulting harm that can come from it. Like all addictions, obsession makes one feel overwhelmed, as a single thought comes to continuously intruding our mind, causing the individual to not be able to ignore these thoughts. In â€Å"Axolotl†, the narr ator is drawn upon the axolotls at the Jardin des Plantes aquarium and his fascination towards the axolotls becomes an obsession. InRead MoreGothic Short Story1447 Words   |  6 Pages The End. In the short story, â€Å"Emma Barrett,† the reader follows a search party group searching for a missing girl named Emma deep in a forest in Oregon. The story follows through first person narration by a group member named Holden. This story would be considered a gothic short story because of its use of setting, theme, symbolism, and literary devices used to portray the horror of a missing six-year-old girl. Plot is the literal chronological development of the story, the sequence of events

Problems of the Food System Essay - 2113 Words

We live in an age in which we have come to expect everything to be instantaneously at our fingertips. We live in an age of instant coffee, instant tea, and even instant mashed potatoes. We can walk down the street at 5 in the morning and get a gallon of milk or even a weeks worth of groceries at our discretion. Even though it is great that food is now readily available at all times, this convenience comes at a price, for both the producer and the consumer. Farmers are cheated out of money and are slaves to big business, workers and animals are mistreated. And, because food now comes at a low cost, it has become cheaper quality and therefore potentially dangerous to the consumer’s health. These problems surrounding the ethics and the†¦show more content†¦Additionally, big business controls the farmers by capitalizing on widely used commodities. For example, the company Monsanto which is based in St. Louis, Missouri protects its dominance over the genetically modified crops such as the soy bean with the use of a patent law. Because of this, Monsanto’s patented genes â€Å"account for 95 percent of all soy beans and 80 percent of all corn grown in the U.S.,† (Associated Press). Although genetically modifying the soy bean crop has made it more readily available and more sustainable, this comes at a high price to farmers. Monsanto continues to raise their prices, which forces farmers to accrue even more debt, and there is no sign of the rise in the seed prices stopping. Since a lot of the farmers are under contract with Monsanto, there is nothing they can do about this unethical policy in fear of losing their job. If you think being a farmer is bad, try working in a slaughter house. â€Å"Knocker, Sticker, Shackler, Rumper, First Legger, Knuckle Dropper,† these are just a few of the positions the workers at a slaughterhouse get assigned to. Simply reading the names of the above job positions induces a sense of nausea and hints a t the inherent brutality that these positions demand (Schlosser, 172). Because the weight and size of cows are unpredictable, most of the labor in the slaughterhouse must be done by hand. On the kill floor of a slaughterhouse,Show MoreRelatedQuality Control : Quality Of A Product And Service1268 Words   |  6 Pagesfor employees to become involved in the quality process; effective leaders successfully communicate this to employees. Restaurant should be focusing on quality goal. And with employees in restaurant, helps to they create good ideas that every solve problems. Restaurant should give staff with the training, use technique because present, most restaurants have loaded the technique equipment, and sources to ensure they have the required skills and abilities to take responsibility for their roles and moveRead MoreWhat Are the Main Causes of Food Insecurity in the World Today?1656 Words   |  7 PagesWhat are the main causes of food insecurity in the world today? Outline an d evaluate 2 or 3 possible solutions to food insecurity problems Currently, millions of people across the globe suffer from under-nutrition and hunger. In 2007, the UN (United Nations) estimated that there are approximately 850 million people who suffer undernourishment in the world today. It also reported that 799 million undernourished people live in developing countriesRead MoreSustainability of The Global Food System1104 Words   |  5 Pagesneed to consume food to supply nutrient-needs for our bodies. As the global population increased, the demand for food also increased. Increased population led to mass production of foods. However, even with this mass production, in under-developed countries, people are still undernourished. On other hand, in developed and developing countries, people are overfed and suffering from obesity. In addition, the current methods of industrial farming destroy the environment. These problems raised a questionRead MoreThreats to Global Food Supplies Essay621 Words   |  3 Pages There are many threats to global food supplies. Explain the problem, identity possible solutions, and assess the implications of implementing these solutions. Because of the increasing world population and the growth of the environmental problems such as global warming and acid rain, global food supplies meet great challenges to feed so many people especially those in economically richer areas wasting foods. A series of problems following food supply shortage like the competition of landRead MoreUnderstanding The Impact Of Junk Food Essay1510 Words   |  7 Pages: Understanding the Impact of Junk Food INTRODUCTION Junk Food is that type of food which doesn’t contain nutritional value. It do not contain high level of calories and has little protein, vitamins and minerals. Such foods are also not good for health and has negative effects after consuming them. Why there is a More Demand of Junk Food? There are following reasons which shows that why people are attracted towards junk food:- â ¦  Preparation of junk food doesn’t take so much time and it isRead MoreThe Current Food Of Food707 Words   |  3 PagesThe current food system is highly market oriented and has many flawes that impact people in negative ways. The system contains problems starting form the production stage (farm labor issues) to the distribution ( food insecurities ). The current food system is primary driven by commodity rather than what people in communities want or need. In other words, because of globalization the food system provides customers with goods without asking the needs and want of the people. For instance, many citiesRead MoreOverpopulation Is The Scarcity Of Food Supplies1408 Words   |  6 PagesEarth can hold (ConserveEnergyFuture, 2013). When overpopulation occurs, the number of resources on Earth cannot support the total population, thus resulting in various problems that conflict with the world’s peace and harmony. One major problem that is caused by overpo pulation is the scarcity of food supplies. There is not enough food being produced to feed the mouths of the endlessly increasing population. Therefore, many people all over the world starve and are malnourished, which is why many armedRead MoreThe Food System Is Essential For Sustaining Human Life1345 Words   |  6 PagesThe food system is essential to sustaining human life, yet it often gets overlooked. Feeding a city comes with a lot of issues, especially feeding the Halifax Regional Municipality (HRM) at a population of 414,000 (Statistics Canada, 2015). Although food is required to sustain humans, it has not always been produced sustainably in Halifax. Food sustainability is not only concerned with the food people consume, but rather looks at the whole system, interconnecting social, economic, and environmentalRead MoreFood Security Movement And The Global Food Supply Initiatives977 Words   |  4 Pageslocal and global food systems controlling most of production, processing , distribution, marketing and retailing of food. This gives big businesses the power to eliminate competition and dictate their own terms to their suppliers forcing farmers and consumers into poverty and malnutrition. As a result, movements such as food security, global food supply initiatives and Food Sovereignty have been created to combat the damage big corporations have caused on farmers and communities. The food security movementRead MoreChief General Of The Un Food And Agriculture Organization1428 Words   |  6 PagesFormer Director-General of the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), Jacques Diouf, once commented, Defeating hunger is a realistic goal for our time, as long as lasting political, economic, financial, and technical solutions are adopted. In his speech, Diouf referred to a sustainable development issue known as food security, an international issue that involves the availability, access, utilization, and stability of food. With recent global attention directed towards seemingly more

Financial Accounting Theory Share Price

Question: Discuss about theFinancial Accounting Theoryfor Share Price. Answer: The methodology that will help me determine whether the movement of the share price is related to the new announcement is the event study. The treatment of the date of event is as day of declaration. The seven-day period is chosen because of the need for exploring the investor's responses in the short run via the probability of the result misrepresentation triggered by the days without trading activities being incorporated into an event delay. The disruption is eliminated by incorporating announcement into the investigation is set whereby each even interval of negative six; positive six days is mandated to cover solely a single declaration which might be linked to the equivalent classification. For changes in the price of stock evaluation dictated by the announcement, the abnormal returns, and absolute returns are estimated (Basu 2007). The Average Absolute Return (AAR) is computed as arithmetic mean, but they does not eliminate the markets impact. Therefore, abnormal returns (AR) are also calculated as ARi=Ri-E (Ri). In this equation, ARi is the abnormal return linked to a given company (i) on day seven. The Ri is the real return for firm (i) on day seven while E (Ri) is the anticipated return for the firm (i) on day seven. The modest form is employed in this study to remove the projected return whereby it is the real return of the pertinent index of the market. The eventual computation of abnormal returns (AAR) will be done as the arithmetic mean. Further, dissimilar computation of average abnormal as well as absolute returns for the individual groups of announcement alongside sentiment in the two price of stock variations done. The ranges of stock price are distinct as follows, the lowest being from 0.01 to 1,00litas, median being from 1.01 to 10.00 litas while the uppermost is ranges between 10.00 and 100.00 litas. The findings would be relevant to newspaper editors during their determination of the particular stories to publish. This is because the editors are very key in the capital market or stock exchange market. They are the people who spread the announcement in share prices changes which trigger various reactions of the investors. The editors, therefore, must scrutinize the reported findings and only publish those that are facts so not to destabilize the market and make investors lose their money (Bies 2005). The editors will, in this case, show the correlation between announcing and share price changes and relate it to the emotional intelligence. They need to explain the need for high scores of emotional intelligence among the investors since it is related to behaviors that correlate with good investment performance. However, they will need to stress the need to help the investors who find it increasingly hard to overcome the fear when the share prices are declining. In so doing, they well restore confidence among such investors making them escape the irrational buying of too little shares which make them subject to greed where the price rises by selling too little and holding too long. The findings reported in this article will be increasingly relevant both securities exchanges and corporate regulators. The securities exchanges will get to understand the various emotionally laden decisions and their impacts on investing. They will be able to make rational decisions when it comes to the level of active management required, the frequency of trade, and the degree of concentration of a given portfolio, the extent to utilize risky or novel strategies as well as the much to save and invest against consumption. The regulators will also benefit from the information presented in the extract to undertake their regulatory duties. The information relating to the decision by John Neal to cut about 700 jobs in Australia to save $US200 million by 2014 would be the point of interest for the regulators. Cutting jobs is not good for the economy and, therefore, the regulators will come in to understand the rationale behind this unfortunate decision. The regulators will help explain that this is just a knee-jerk investing at its worst as Chanticleer reckons and explain that it is just due to lack of proper understanding of the major profit drivers of both companies. The regulators will, therefore, warn the buyers against the proven dangers attached to impulsive buying of shares. I think that the market inefficiency was the main reason that Dr. Chu and Mr. Lama managed to avoid losses by trading on insider information. There was an information asymmetry in the market as only the two people knew the information. If this information was present in the market, many people could have avoided their shares and hence made the two to lose their investments. The market was not semi-strong-form market efficient since the information they reflected in the security prices was not all publicly available. The capital markets research assumes that the markets are always semi-strong-form efficient and this was not the case here. The semi-strong-form efficiency suggests that security price will alter when unexpected earnings results, cash flows result, and earning results are announced. Semi-strong-form efficiency means that all the public information is computed into the current share price of the stock. This means that neither fundamental nor technical analysis is usable to accomplish superior benefits. The hypothesis only suggest that information that is not publicly available can benefit the investors who seek to earn abnormal returns on investment. All the information is accounted for in the price of the stock and no amount of technical or fundamental analysis accomplishes superior benefits If assume a no share price movement when GTx publicly announced the blood clot worries, I think that such information would be irrelevant to the market. The capital market research assumes a correlation between the public announcement and the share price movement and hence a relevant announcement should follow the sam e pattern. I agree with the statement that India needs to adopt the new accounting standards based on IFRS which suits the legal environment and context of India. The theory of public interest can support the adoption of the IFRS in India. I choose this theory to explain how the public interest will be guaranteed in India by adopting the IFRS. IFRS has been created by the IASB to make sure that stricter control as well as regulation alongside control are in place so that organizations and are unable to mislead their respective stakeholders. This is in line with the theory of public interest which require firms to consider public interest in their operations. IFRS, therefore, ensure a greater level of responsibility introduced in both disclosure and reporting system. Both real world application and empirical studies have proven that IFRS system guarantees a greater degree of financial system transparency which tends to meet the requirement of the public interest theory. It has been discovered that adopters of the IFRS have witnessed impacts on the cost of capital as well as liquidity alongside the label adopters. It has been proven statistically and researcher by analysts that financial disclosure quality has improved following IFRS adoption. The system has warranted an increased in the value of relevance as well as earnings of the entities hence the need for India to adopt the system. Since India is based on principles and not rules, it is appropriate that the IFRS is adopted to suit this context for maximum benefits. Blind replication of the West may not optimize the benefits due to a different context and environments in India. The new IFRS adoption will help India companies have wider sources of raising capital cheaply than before in the long run. Even though some barricades will exist during the transition phase, the initiative will be beneficial eventually in the long run for all the stakeholders since IFRS brings with it increased judgment. The companies will also have sufficient time benchmark thereby planning effectively to minimize the effect of the key financial ratios as well as operating parameters. India will benefit more by adopting the IFRS to the local contexts and environmental since it is more of principles than rules which may create conflict if they are adopted without amendments. By harmonizing Indian accounting standards with IFRSs, Indian companies would raise capital from more sources and at a lower cost than before. Many Indian companies are currently adopting IFRS to expand their businesses globally as well as seek for unique and standardized reporting system helpful in the provision of true as a fair financial image of their organization. The Indian companies will have better access to foreign capital markets as well as investment hence increased sources of capital. The IFRS in India will also assist the companies to understand effectively the financial statements which would benefit the investors who will be willing to invest their funds across the world. The international companies will raise more capital from different markets at a reduced cost provided they create confidence in the minds of the investors that their financial statements adhere to the globally conventional IFRS accounting standards in India. The stakeholders will face a challenge of increased initial cost of implementation as a result of a dual reporting requirement that the company may have to meet till complete convergence is realized. Another current accounting framework in India will deeply affect the laws as well as regulations. For the IFRS implementation, it will need changes in a range of laws and regulatory. The stakeholders, employees, regulators, and auditors will need to be aware of the IFRS as they need to train. The organizations will also be required to incur extra cost for the modification of their current accounting as well as procedures for accomplishing the new requirement for disclosures as well as reporting. The differences between the Indian GAAP as well as IFRS could impact the decision and financial performances of the entities. There will be drastic changes among the entities that adopt the IFRS in their entire set of financial statements. Because of the various differences between Indian GAAP and IFRS would pose a big challenge to promote awareness regarding the IFRS alongside its effects on the users. Since IFRS is using the fair value as a measurement base for the valuation of most of their items of financial statements the challenge will be due to the a lot of hard work involved in calculating fair value which require valuation experts. The Indian stakeholders will also have to change the terms and condition linked to management compensation plans since the reporting of financial results under the IFRS is probably to be different from those under the Indian GAAP. The disclosure and reporting systems under the IFRS are different completely from the Indian reporting requirement hen ce a challenge. The stakeholder theory is chosen to support T-Mobiles decision to give non-financial information to the shareholders. This theory is useful in expanding why entities should give the non-financial information. This is because it holds that managers have a fiduciary duty to all groups with a stake in or claim on the firm including suppliers, employees and customer in addition to shareholders. This theory holds that this duty emerge from a legal, moral as well as economic arguments since firms have connection with a range of constituent cohorts which affect or impacted firms. The theory posit that despite a legally anchored fiduciary duty of managers towards shareholder, entities remain limited legally as well as economically where they act in accordance with this narrow perspective of shareholder value optimization. It requires firms to purse shareholders interest whereby it protects particular rights as well as interest of stakeholders thus avoiding moral hazards and monopoly powers. Stakeholder theory was, therefore, appropriate to explain the T-Mobile since it supports corporate social responsibility. Therefore, the companies must give the non-financial information to the shareholders including social and environment issues which have a great impact on the companys bottom line which is essential to investors. The sustainability reporting thus benefit the shareholders whereby the non-financial information is disclosed in financial reports. The non-financial reports have ensured that shareholders get to know about bribery issues and diversity on boards of directors. The interest of the shareholder was, therefore, guaranteed in the T-Mobile organization since issuance of non-GAAP standard information was critical to justify their organizations transparency. The ability of the capital market to value the TMobiles shares will not be negatively affected by the inclusion of non-standard metrics by the firm. Even though the article highlights that such provisions had obscured the key messages, these messages were included, and this does not mean market inefficient. The voluntary information integrated into the earning releases was additional transparency. The market efficient hypothesis was never disrupted by giving additional information. The T-Mobile, therefore, did a good thing by giving the non-financial information to which are critical to investors even though they are no compelled to do so. Giving such information should help the users to understand the firm better. Therefore, the firm never violated any rule by giving the non-GAAP standard information. The claim that such information obscured the key message was, therefore, irrational. To validate the claim made in the article that non-GAAP metrics confused the investors, I will design an approach for controls over the non-GAAP measures. The external reporting manager will calculate the non-GAAP measures before drafting the disclosure for the earnings release of the company. The controller will then review the draft disclosure by re-calculating individual non-GAAP measure as well as agree on the underlying GAAP measures to the general ledger. The controller will consider whether the non-GAAP measures entail misleading adjustments as well as review a list of forbidden presentation of non-GAAP financial measure to make sure that they are consistent with the SEC guidance. The audit committee will thus confirm whether non-GAAP measures are disclosed appropriately according to the policy as well as consistent with SEC rules, guidance and regulation. If the study notes a misleading adjustment, inconsistencies, and wrong disclosure, then I will conclude the non-GAAP measures claim confused the investors. Carried interest describes that a share of profits which the general partners of a private equity or hedge funds receives as compensation irrespective of their contribution to the original funds. It seeks to motivate the fund manager or general partner to work towards enhancing the performance of the fund. I have chosen the fair value accounting theory to help determine whether I would find fair value accounting more decision-useful than historical cost accounting for the Blackstones value of carried interest. The fair value accounting theory is appropriate for dealing with the carried interest. The fair value accounting would be able to address the issues as takes in consideration the facts of the market prices. According to fair value accounting theory, historical cost is irrelevant. The deterioration in quality of the debt of the company that lowers its value in the market is reported to the stakeholders as a rise in the capital and profit of the company. This is because this is r ational and unbiased technique that provide an estimation of the potential market price of securities of the firm (Campbell and Owens-Jackson 2008). Moreover, it will consider objectives cost like distribution, acquisition, as well as the replacement cost. The information produced by the fair value accounting is more relevance, reliable than the historical cost accounting. Moreover, it discloses full information compared to the historical cost accounting. The amplified volatility of earnings of Blackstone resulting from fair value accounting will impact the amount I would be willing to pay for these securities. This is because the fair value accounting treats the prevailing prices as reliable measures of value. Since it is evaluated per period, it gives relevant information that will influence my rational decision. Since Blackstone is willing to bear this volatility to secure the revenue recognition, I will only pay the amount once they have paid for this volatility. As reflected in the Positive Accounting Theory, the decision by Blackstone to adopt fair value accounting for carried interest fees in 2007 can be explained effectively (Scott 2013). The positive accounting theory advocates for the issuance of information to the stakeholders, and by using the fair value, it was appropriate for the firm to deal with the unconsolidated investment through fair value option to value future carried interest fees alongside the offsetting credit to current earnings. Since the positive accounting addresses what is needed to be done, it is appropriate since it would have led to earnings as presented in the information. The equity method that was used previously for the unconsolidated investment thus proved inappropriate. References Basu, S., 2007. The conservatism principle and the asymmetric timeliness of earnings 1. Journal of accounting and economics, 24(1), pp.3-37. Bies, S.S., 2005. Fair value accounting. Fed. Res. Bull., 91, p.26. Campbell, R.L. and Owens-Jackson, L.A., 2008. FAIR VALUE ACCOUNTING. Scott, W.R., 2013. Financial accounting theory (Vol. 2, No. 0, p. 0). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice hall.

Role of Information and Communication Technology in Banking in Nepal free essay sample

The use of information and communication technology has taken wider scope in the banking sectors than previous years because of the reach of the people to the ICT infrastructure and easy availability of its products. The use of ICT has been for long time in the western countries such as USA, UK, Australia and many more. However, the easy access to internet and other smart ICT product has made easier deployment of technology to the developing countries. In the context, Nepal is one of the countries who came late in the deployment such new technology in the banking sector. Deployment of new ICT has always been challenging in the banking sector of country like Nepal to compete in market. As part of WTO (world Trade Organization) Nepal has opened its door to the global market. Banking in context of Nepal dated back to 15th of November 1937. Before that all the financial transaction was done by the private lenders without the any certain norms and the rules. We will write a custom essay sample on Role of Information and Communication Technology in Banking in Nepal or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The bank established on that day was Nepal bank limited which is a commercial bank. After many years of planning and conceptualization, a central or reserve bank was formed as â€Å"Nepal Rastra Bank† monitoring and mentoring the entire banking sectors of Nepal. The major banks of Nepal have now implemented new technology to render service to their client. The technologies they are using are ATMs on major cities, online banking system, and mobile banking system. The use of ATM allows clients to access their cash any time when they are in need of it. Moreover, the implementation of online and mobile banking allows flexibility and comfort to the client to track their savings and spending and also provide the facility of online purchase and payments. By the use this types of information and communication technology has helped to grow the benefits of the institution and simplify the daily operation of the organization.

Adobe PageMaker essays

Adobe PageMaker essays Adobe "portable document format" (PDF) enables users to include complex data like spreadsheets, graphics, and presentation material into a single universally compatible file format. This miraculous bit of software eliminates cross-platform problems that Mac and PC users encounter as well as PC users using different versions of Windows or different brands of software. Regardless of the word processing application, spreadsheet application, or image editor used to create the initial document, PDF can recognize and encompass all of these. One of the most remarkable uses for PDF files is their ability to be shared online among a variety of different users. Furthermore, PDF can be used to create forms that users can fill in on their computer and later print out or submit as PDF. As a result, PDF is commonly used to exchange and distribute government documents. Another benefit of PDF is the relative compactness of the file size, as well as their ability to be read on handheld PC devices and be accessible even to the visually impaired. Finally, PDF files can be made secure by using digital signatures for authenticity. Adobe PageMaker has been used to create a variety of business and creative publications like calendars, brochures, flyers, and newsletters that are usually printed out. PageMaker offers versatility in the layout process and can produce professional-quality publications. Furthermore, if a document like a newsletter is created in PageMaker it can be converted to PDF format and posted on the Web. That way, friends could download or view the newsletter by simply downloading a free version of the Acrobat Reader or Adobe Reader. They would not have to have PageMaker installed on their computer. However, if the friend wanted to make changes to the newsletter, such as altering the content, graphics, or the layout, PageMaker would be ...

Free Essays on From Adolescence to Adulthood

From Adolescence to Adulthood The excerpt â€Å"Handed My Own Life† depicts a child learning the art of perception and how it applies to their adult life. At first, the child can only see what is placed right in front of him. For Christmas he wanted a microscope and thought that upon receiving the microscope complete with test tubes he would be able to recognize such things as â€Å"hay infusion† and â€Å"diatomaceous earth.† When he tried to see them and encounters difficulty, he learns that you must look past the obvious. It took him years to fully understand what that meant. In the spring when he finally finds an amoeba that he has been looking for since fall, he runs upstairs to share the exciting news with his family. His parents were in the living room relaxing and let him know that they were happy he had found what he was looking for but were going to remain upstairs. Although nothing was said directly, the boy understood that he was now an individual, no longer a dependant of his parents for moral support. He had essentially been, â€Å"Handed [his] own life† (Dillard 149). He understood that having his own life did not mean that his parents had abandoned him, rather that â€Å"[his] days and nights were [his] own to fill† (Dillard 149). His parents were done setting rules and making decisions for him. â€Å"Anything was possible. The sky was the limit† (Dillard 149). In many ways this story is reminiscent of the journey from adolescence to adulthood. The child in this story is learning that eventually decision making becomes a part of life and that the choices to be made are based on individual judgment. The author’s purpose in writing the story was an internal need to express feelings that may have been repressed. The approach was self expressive with a creative approach. The story does not come out and talk bluntly about growing up but does it through a young child’s tale of receiving a microscope and ... Free Essays on From Adolescence to Adulthood Free Essays on From Adolescence to Adulthood From Adolescence to Adulthood The excerpt â€Å"Handed My Own Life† depicts a child learning the art of perception and how it applies to their adult life. At first, the child can only see what is placed right in front of him. For Christmas he wanted a microscope and thought that upon receiving the microscope complete with test tubes he would be able to recognize such things as â€Å"hay infusion† and â€Å"diatomaceous earth.† When he tried to see them and encounters difficulty, he learns that you must look past the obvious. It took him years to fully understand what that meant. In the spring when he finally finds an amoeba that he has been looking for since fall, he runs upstairs to share the exciting news with his family. His parents were in the living room relaxing and let him know that they were happy he had found what he was looking for but were going to remain upstairs. Although nothing was said directly, the boy understood that he was now an individual, no longer a dependant of his parents for moral support. He had essentially been, â€Å"Handed [his] own life† (Dillard 149). He understood that having his own life did not mean that his parents had abandoned him, rather that â€Å"[his] days and nights were [his] own to fill† (Dillard 149). His parents were done setting rules and making decisions for him. â€Å"Anything was possible. The sky was the limit† (Dillard 149). In many ways this story is reminiscent of the journey from adolescence to adulthood. The child in this story is learning that eventually decision making becomes a part of life and that the choices to be made are based on individual judgment. The author’s purpose in writing the story was an internal need to express feelings that may have been repressed. The approach was self expressive with a creative approach. The story does not come out and talk bluntly about growing up but does it through a young child’s tale of receiving a microscope and ...

Past experience with inter-enterprise information system Essay

Past experience with inter-enterprise information system - Essay Example More specifically, the experience with computers has allowed me to have ability to use both application and system software for computational activities. The various hardware with which my experience was involved includes computer CPU, monitor, keyboard, mouse, printer and scanner which comprise the input and output devices of a computer. In addition, I was able to learn the various components of a CPU and their functions. More importantly, though, is the ability to use applications such as word processing and spreadsheets to execute different computational processes. My experience with computers also made me more appreciative of the value that these systems have added in facilitating communication among individuals, departments, organizations and institutions. More importantly, during my experience I have appreciated the Internet as a computational communication tool which has connected individuals and organizations across the world. This is a reflection of the important contributio n of computers to the globalization process. In my experience with information systems, I was able to understand the system theory as it applies in computation and business processes. Additionally I now understand the correlation among the various components of information systems in performing a holistic function. The hardware and software components of an information system allowed me to improve my computer skills. I was also able to apply software to solve problems. This experience significantly improved my critical thinking abilities. Furthermore, the experience with information systems accorded me the ability to process data through computer application and extract meaning out of the data. This means that I am able to develop relevant and meaningful information out of data through the use of computer applications such as SPSS and Microsoft Excel. It is through my experience that I am more appreciative of the importance of information systems in organizations such as facilitatin g communication, business activities and decision making. Moreover, I now understand information systems as a network of computers which would be connected worldwide through the Internet. I have attained knowledge and skills on the application of both intra-enterprise and inter-enterprise information systems. In addition, I have achieved an understanding of how these information systems have been used to facilitate business or organizational processes. The knowledge that I have on these systems is significantly important for my short-term and longtime career plans. For example, this knowledge has prepared me to apply information systems within my work place. This involves the use of intra-enterprise computer systems such as local area network in facilitating communication within the organization. Additionally, the use of inter-enterprise information systems such as wide area networks and the Internet to promote communication among subsidiaries of an organization and sectors of its s upply chain is well understood by me. I have sufficient knowledge on the issue of security in the use of intra-enterprise and inter-enterprise information systems, which will allow me to ensure that these systems are secured when I will use them within my workplace. Additionally, I understand the use of intra-

Fall of Zine El Abidine Ben Ali Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Fall of Zine El Abidine Ben Ali - Research Paper Example Ben Ali was later appointed as the prime minister in October 1980. During this time the ruling president Habib Bourguiba was ill and was unable to rule the country effectively. Murphy (1999) points out that Ben Ali succeeded him in a peaceful coup that saw him in power in November, seven 1980. Elections were later held in 1989 and Ben Ali was the winner with more than 99% of the vote. During his time of reign people expected Ben Ali to take a more moderate approach especially to the religious groups (Kahana & Suwaed, 2009). The Fall of Zine El Abidine Ben Ali Coker and Gauthier-Villars (2011) remarks that, when Ben Ali took over power he banned the Nahdah, which is a renaissance and called for the suppression of all the Islamist militants in the country. At this point in the rule of Ben Ali people started to question Ben Ali’s respect for the human rights. Ben Ali became a dictator and controlled most of the wealth in the country. Through his corrupt ways Ben Ali accumulated a lot of wealth for his family. Through the misappropriation of the states’ wealth different sectors of the economy were weakened. Ben Ali was re-elected back in to government on several occasions toppling his opponents by a big margin. Ben Ali became a tyrant who could not listen to his advisors on matters of national importance (BBC Monitoring Middle East 2011). Hindman (2009) states that in November 2010 there were many protests in the country and many people complained on issues of poverty, unemployment, and the freedom of speech. Ben Ali believed that by suppressing the various fundamentalists groups in the country would help in counter-terrorism. The United States of America accorded Ben Ali more Aid because of his attempts to eliminate terrorists in Tunisia. This brought about discontent among the local citizens. The government’s poor human rights record did not alter the USA’s effort in Aiding Tunisia. Tunisia’s military was offered free training a nd was made a member of the US State Department’s Middle East Partnership Initiative (Wall Street Journal 2011). BBC Monitoring Middle East (2012) agrees that the fall of president Zine El Abidine Ben Ali was marked by the rise of many protests in the country. Tunisia lacked the freedom of speech and the local citizens could not air their problems freely without being arrested by state police. This made it impossible to address the underlying problems without bias and address them in the right way possible. With the president being reluctant in addressing the most urgent issues, the local citizens decided to apply all means of fighting for their rights. Protests rose in many parts of the country especially on the case of unemployment. The rising costs of living in Tunisia also prompted the local people to hold protests in fighting for their rights. In the town of Sid Bouzid a 26 year vendor who was a university graduate refused to move his grocery stall to another area as dir ected by Sid Bouzid’s municipal regulation service. The municipal council took possession of the vendor’s vegetables which resulted in to the vendor burning himself. The public reacted to the munipal’s act by protesting. Riots erupted between the police and the local people with the police throwing tear gas on the masses (Boyle & Sheen 1997) Following this incident, another unemployed young man named Hussein Nagi Felhi killed himself by climbing a high voltage pole that transmitted electricity

Failing to Love Essay Example for Free

Failing to Love Essay In her story â€Å"Never Marry a Mexican† Sandra Cisneros introduces the reader to the complex issues surrounding the racial and sexual identity of a Mexican-American woman living in the United States. The story is about a Chicana woman and how she seeks revenge on a white lover who has rejected her by becoming the sexual tutor of his teenage son. Cisneros give life to the protagonist Clemencia and paints her as a character in a modern day to demonstrate the pervasive negative impact on Mexican-American women, especially on Chicanas residing within the United States. Clemencia, the protagonist of the story, thinks â€Å"Drew, remember when you used to call me your Malinalli? It was a joke, a private game between us, because you looked like a Cortes with that beard of yours. My dark skin against yours†¦My Malinalli, Malinche, my courtesan, you said, and yanked my head back by the braid† (192). Clemencia is a painter, but she must support herself in other ways too. She sometimes acts as a translator; however for Clemencia Spanish is now the â€Å"native† language. In this discussion of her occupation, Clemencia pronounces â€Å"any way you look at it, what I do to make a living is a form of prostitution† (181). She feels as though when she is not painting she merely sells herself to make a living, much like La Malinche had to do in her relationship with Cortes. Clemencia constantly allows herself to fall in love with unavailable men who are always married and always white. This pattern results from her mother’s constant advice, â€Å"Never Marry a Mexican†. Clemencia’s mother, a lower-class Chicana woman from the United States who married an upper-class Mexican man, felt inescapable discrimination by both her husband’s upper-class family and mainstream U.S. society for her dark skin color. Her answer to this was to marry out, and supposedly up, by divorcing Clemencia’s father and marrying a white man. It is because of this example that Clemencia never sees Mexican men as potential lovers. She explains: â€Å"Mexican men, forget it. For a long time the men clearing off the tables or chopping meat behind the butcher counter or driving the buss I rode to school every day, those weren’t men. Not men I considered as potential lovers. Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, Chilean, Columbian, Panamanian, Salvadorean, Bolivian, Honduran, Argentine, Dominican, Venezuelan, Guatemalan, Ecuadorean, Nicaraguan, Peruvian, Costa Rican, Paraguayan, Uruguayan, I don’t care. I never saw them. My mother did this to me†(179). Here Clemencia is adopting the racist Anglo discourse by lumping all Latinos into one, unified group. Her discussion of â€Å"Mexican† does not distinguish between class and race; to her â€Å"Mexican† means busboys, butchers, and bus drivers. Mexican is no longer the nationality of the people of Mexico, but rather a class of servers who happen to be brown. Here Cisneros demonstrates how the racism of dominant society in America is often internalized and serves to separate the people of disempowered groups. Cisneros makes a strong statement against internalized racism by showing how Clemencia’s rejection of men of her own race and obsession with white men ultimately leaves her lonely. Clemencia comes to the frustrating, yet enlightening realization that the white men in her life have, like her, adopted the mantra â€Å"never marry a Mexican† when she remembers the conversation Drew and she had the last night they spent together. Clemencia recalls in an inner dialogue, how â€Å"we had agreed. All for the best. Surely I could see that, couldn’t I? My own good. A good sport. A young girl like me. Hadn’t I understood†¦responsibilities. You didn’t think? Never marry a Mexican. Never marry a Mexican. No of course. I see. I see† (186). Now Clemencia is now lost without a proper choice of lovers. Mexicans are out of bounds because she could never marry a Mexican, but she now realizes that white men are also out of bounds because they too could never marry a Mexican; they could never marry her. Cisneros is therefore demonstrating how internalized racism does not serve to differentiate certain ethnic Mexicans from others in the eyes of white society, and instead only serves to isolate such Mexican-Americans from the culture to which they are supposed to feel connected. By having Clemencia reject the roles of wife and mother and instead embrace the socially deviant mistress role, Cisneros demonstrates how women who refuse socially acceptable roles often must do so at the expense of other women. In an attempt to claim agency that she would otherwise be denied as a married Chicana in dominant, patriarchal society, Clemencia embraces the role of the mistress. The mistress, because of her strictly sexual nature, is traditionally regarded as a role that reinforces male dominance in heterosexual relationships. Through her role as mistress and her rejection of the role of wife or mother, she attempts to combat the patriarchal system of oppression and makes allowances for flexibility of gender-role expectations. However because the role of the mistress also depends upon there being another woman, the wife, who is betrayed by both her husband and the mistress, the mistress role does not combat the patriarchal system for all women. It does, in fact, reinforce patriarchal oppression of the wife/mother role. Clemencia seems to have little problem acknowledging her betrayal of other women. She candidly tells the reader â€Å"I’ve been accomplice, having caused deliberate pain to other women. I’m vindictive and cruel, and I’m capable of anything† (179). Therefore, in order to escape subscribed gender roles and claim agency in her sexual relationships, Clemencia hurts other women. Cisneros seems to be saying that â€Å"mujeres andariegas†, or daring women who reject the roles society expects of them, do not help to institutionally change society for all women but rather must betray other women in their search for personal freedom. Clemencia attempts to further com bat patriarchal gender roles in her sexual relationships the role of el chingà ³n. When describing sex with Drew, she says â€Å"I leapt inside you and split you like an apple. Opened for the other to look and not give back† (185). Here Clemencia not only takes on the man’s part by â€Å"leaping† inside, she also executes the violent actions attached to the verb chingar. Clemencia imagines that this sexual aggressiveness empowers her over Drew. She says â€Å"You were ashamed to be so naked†¦But I saw you for what you are, when you opened yourself for me† (185). To Clemencia, sexual relations are based on power dynamics, and in order to escape the passive feminine chingada role she must embrace the possessive, dominant, masculine chingà ³n role. Clemencia extends her embodiment of the chingà ³n role into her dealings with the wives, and even a son, of her lovers. More than once she had sex with a lover while his wife was in labor with his child. She confesses â€Å"it has given me a bit of crazy joy to be able to kill those women like that†¦To know I’ve had their husbands when they were anchored in blue hospital rooms, their guts yanked inside out†(184). Clemencia’s relationship with Drew’s son is another example of her fulfilling a sort of â€Å"vindictive sexual satisfaction†. She says of him â€Å"I sleep with this boy, their son. To make the boy love me the way I love his father. To make him want me the way I love his father†¦I can tell from the way he looks at me, I have him in my power†¦I let him nibble†¦Before I snap by teeth† (187). Therefore she seduces him not to satisfy the yearning of her body or hear, but rather to achieve sexual power of the son, which she perceives as giving her indirect power of his parents. Clemencia is ultimately left lonely without a lover, a connection to her culture, or meaningful female friendships. The reason for this lies in the world view Clemencia has inherited from her society. She perceives the world in black and white, in terms of inescapable binaries between which she must choose. She fails to become an acceptable marriage partner to Drew, she fails to escape being hurt by her lovers even as a mistress. Works Cited Never Marry a Mexican. Random House, Inc. and Vintage Books1991

The Childs Upbringing in Superman and New Snowsuit :: Superman Paula Brown Literature Essays

The Child's Upbringing in Superman and New Snowsuit Narrator aged about ten (5th grade). American. Father seems to be dead (Otto). Uncle Frank a father figure -talks to her in a friendly, understanding way. Family seem comfortably off (linen table cloth, silver). Home a warm, friendly, secure place - goes to it to escape the other children. But war is beginning, so an unsettling time for a child, particularly one whose father is dead and whose uncle (whom she admires and likes - identifies him with Superman) is being drafted into the forces. Mother keeps quite a close eye on her - checks on what the film is that the children are going to see (Snow White) before allowing girl to go. Child imaginative and sensitive - plays imaginative games, vomits after seeing film about Japanese at war and has nightmares afterwards. Seems something of a loner - does not join in games played by big groups at school - instead plays with one 'bookish' boy and another who is an outsider. Invited to Paula's party only because 'it was for all the children in the block'. Paula invites her to play tag only because 'we need someone else' Paula picks on her quite unfairly because she wants someone to blame for her spoilt snowsuit. The other children join in, so girl feels isolated. Feels safe at home but when Mr. Sterling comes to tell about the damage, her mother says, 'Why didn't you tell me that you pushed Paula in the mud?' The girl is not asked what happened first, so feels that her mother is believing the lie without hearing her side of the story. Uncle Frank comes to her room in a friendly, understanding way, but by then the girl is feeling miserable and is unable to say what happened in a natural way. When Uncle Frank says they will pay for a new suit anyway, she probably feels that even he does not believe her. This episode, plus the war and probably her father's death, changed the girl's life for ever - she grew up and the world seemed a gloomier place (final paragraph). Kiss Miss Carol =============== Joli is completely different to the girl in the first story. Although he was born in England, his family are immigrants from Bangladesh. His father does not really fit in - he speaks Bengali to the boy, wears traditional clothing (unlike the children even of some other immigrant families). He has his own religion and village life at home is still so important to him that he sends his elder son home to sort out a dispute. The Child's Upbringing in Superman and New Snowsuit :: Superman Paula Brown Literature Essays The Child's Upbringing in Superman and New Snowsuit Narrator aged about ten (5th grade). American. Father seems to be dead (Otto). Uncle Frank a father figure -talks to her in a friendly, understanding way. Family seem comfortably off (linen table cloth, silver). Home a warm, friendly, secure place - goes to it to escape the other children. But war is beginning, so an unsettling time for a child, particularly one whose father is dead and whose uncle (whom she admires and likes - identifies him with Superman) is being drafted into the forces. Mother keeps quite a close eye on her - checks on what the film is that the children are going to see (Snow White) before allowing girl to go. Child imaginative and sensitive - plays imaginative games, vomits after seeing film about Japanese at war and has nightmares afterwards. Seems something of a loner - does not join in games played by big groups at school - instead plays with one 'bookish' boy and another who is an outsider. Invited to Paula's party only because 'it was for all the children in the block'. Paula invites her to play tag only because 'we need someone else' Paula picks on her quite unfairly because she wants someone to blame for her spoilt snowsuit. The other children join in, so girl feels isolated. Feels safe at home but when Mr. Sterling comes to tell about the damage, her mother says, 'Why didn't you tell me that you pushed Paula in the mud?' The girl is not asked what happened first, so feels that her mother is believing the lie without hearing her side of the story. Uncle Frank comes to her room in a friendly, understanding way, but by then the girl is feeling miserable and is unable to say what happened in a natural way. When Uncle Frank says they will pay for a new suit anyway, she probably feels that even he does not believe her. This episode, plus the war and probably her father's death, changed the girl's life for ever - she grew up and the world seemed a gloomier place (final paragraph). Kiss Miss Carol =============== Joli is completely different to the girl in the first story. Although he was born in England, his family are immigrants from Bangladesh. His father does not really fit in - he speaks Bengali to the boy, wears traditional clothing (unlike the children even of some other immigrant families). He has his own religion and village life at home is still so important to him that he sends his elder son home to sort out a dispute.

Executive Privilege

Executive Privilege| | | | Virginia Commonwealth University November 14, 2012| | In the past, the power of executive privilege has been used by Presidents to conceal information that has to do with foreign affairs and negotiations, military, national security issues as well as deliberations and policy making that is done between the President and his top aides. This power is only used when Congress asks the President or one of his top aides to produce all of the information pertaining to an event or situation.If the President then feels that parts of this information needs to be kept secret to protect the best interest of the public, or the other issues listed previously, then he will use executive privilege in order to not give that information to Congress. A huge part of executive privilege is to protect the deliberations and advice given by the President’s aides. When the President’s advisors give him advice, they need to be able to give him the best advice possible and if there is a chance that everything they said could be made public.For instance if the President and advisors are discussing what needs to be done in relation to a foreign power and one suggests to nuke them, one suggests a covert attack and one suggests a peaceful resolution. If the final decision is a peaceful resolution, and Congress asks for all of the information on the subject, then the President should use executive privilege to keep those other possible outcomes from going public, both to keep the public from getting out of control or uneasy and to keep the other country from finding out the other options and retaliating.This power ensures that the President’s advisors can be completely honest and say what needs to be said without being worried about their words being taken the wrong way or too harsh or hurt their image. A big argument for those against executive privilege is that there is nothing in the constitution about it even though there is something about Congress keeping secrets.Article I states that â€Å"Each House shall keep a journal of its proceedings, and from time to time publish the same, excepting such parts as may in their judgment require secrecy† (US Constitution, Article 1 Section 5). Their argument is that the Constitution states that each House can withhold information that they think should be kept secret and there is nothing about secrecy when it comes to the President’s powers, however just because the words are not explicitly in the constitution does not mean that this power was not intended for the President.Even our founding fathers appreciated the importance of executive privilege and that is highlighted by this passage taken from The Works of Alexander Hamilton. In 1794, the Senate asked President George Washington, â€Å"‘to lay before the Senate the correspondences which have been had between the Minister of the United States at the Republic of France, and said Republic, and between said Minister and the office of Secretary of State. † Washington consulted his cabinet members, Henry Knox, Alexander Hamilton, and Edmund Randolph.Alexander Hamilton later wrote: General Knox is of the opinion that no part of the correspondences should be sent to the Senate; Colonel Hamilton is of the opinion that the correct mode of proceeding is to do what General Knox advises; but the principle is safe, by excepting such parts as the President may choose to withhold; Mr. Randolph is of the opinion that all correspondence proper, from its nature, to be communicated to the Senate, should be sent; but that what the President thinks is improper, should not be sent.Washington later told the Senate â€Å"After an examination of [the correspondence], I directed copies and translations to be made; except in those particulars, which, in my judgment, for public considerations, ought not to be communicated. † (Hamilton 1851) Three of these men signed the constitution and contribut ed a great deal towards it and they clearly believe that it is the President’s right to withhold information that he deems unfit to be made public. When it comes to foreign affairs it is very important that the President has the ability to use executive privilege.For instance, if the United States was making a treaty with another country, both countries may have to give things up in order to come to an agreement, and everything considered by both sides as well as everything agreed upon should not be made public for everyone, including other countries to see. This is best stated in 1796 by George Washington after the House of Representatives requested that he give them information concerning his instructions to the United States Minister to Britain regarding the treaty negotiations between the United States and Britain.Washington replied by saying: The nature of foreign negotiations requires caution, and their success must often depend on secrecy; and even when brought to a co nclusion a full disclosure of all the measures, demands, or eventual concessions which may have been proposed or contemplated would be extremely impolitic; for this might have a pernicious influence on future negotiations, or produce immediate inconveniences, perhaps danger and mischief, in relation to other powers.The necessity of such caution and secrecy was one cogent reason for vesting the power of making treaties in the President†¦the boundaries fixed by the Constitution between the different departments should be preserved, a just regard to the Constitution and to the duty of my office.. , forbids a compliance with your request. † (Richardson 1897) As Washington states, we cannot simply make every detail public because other countries may retaliate and they will also be less likely to deal with the United States in the future. However, by invoking executive privilege the President can protect that information from causing such havoc.As he stated, it is not only the President’s right to use executive privilege, but it is his duty to use it in situations that require secrecy. Without a doubt executive privilege can have its usefulness, but it should only be invoked in certain, specific situations. In our recent history this has not been the case, some of our Presidents have tried to abuse the power of executive privilege, giving it a bad name and encouraging people to believe it should be done away with. When President Richard Nixon was in office, the Watergate scandal surfaced and Congress asked him to produce all of the information he and his aides had on the case.In an attempt to conceal what had been done as well as to protect everyone from punishment, President Nixon tried to use executive privilege. This case was brought to the United States Supreme Court because the executive privilege was being used to protect one of Nixon’s advisors from criminal prosecution, thus obstructing justice. This was by far an abuse of executive privilege and leads many to want it gotten rid of, however just because a power can be abused does not mean that its use should stop; it just means that restrictions need to be put in to place.This is highlighted by the ruling of the Supreme Court. The Court acknowledged the need for the President to used executive privilege, but determined that in cases of inquiry into possible criminal actions, the Executive has to release relating information. If we want to curb the abuse of executive privilege, we need to put guidelines into place, because without them, the meaning of executive privilege is at the discretion of the President until checked by other branches. President Nixon was neither the first nor last President to abuse this power (United States v Nixon 1974).President Bill Clinton also tried to invoke executive privilege in a very wrong way as well. Clinton tried to use executive privilege to prevent his advisors from testifying on whether he had sexual relations with Monica Lewinski or not. However, this claim of executive privilege was shot down, rightfully so (Baker 2012). These instances of abuse may lead some to think it is just a better option to not have executive privilege, but as long as barriers and restrictions can be put into place on it to prevent this from happening in the future, this power needs to stay around.This comes with some exceptions; this power should only be used when the President truly believes that if this information were to get out it would either be damaging to the public or in the best interest of the public to not find out. This power should also be used in situations where the President needs to protect national security intelligence and other matters as well as being used to protect military secrets, operations and intelligence.Lastly, this power should be used in situations where the United States is dealing with a foreign power, whether it is a treaty, a negotiation, a meeting or anything else containing sensitive m aterial that either the United States or the foreign power needs to be kept secret. This brings up another argument against executive privilege. Some feel that this power should be done away with because Congress does not have the power of checks and balances over executive privilege; however that is not the case.If the President is refusing to give Congress the information that they are asking for, they can decide to stop funding things that the President is trying to do. They can also hold people in contempt of Congress, which was done as recently as this year in the Fast and Furious case where Congress demanded that Attorney General Eric Holder give them all the information on this case. President Obama stepped in and claimed executive privilege, however in a response to this, Congress moved, then voted to hold Holder in contempt of Congress unless he hands over the information (Silverleib 2012).Another thing Congress can do if the President continues to refuse to cooperate is to impeach him. This would obviously be only done in serious situations, but would work either to get their message across or to show future Presidents that they cannot just invoke executive privilege without consequence. On top of this, the courts can rule on cases where the President tries to use executive privilege like they did in the case with President Nixon.Articles II of the Constitution states that the President â€Å"shall from time to time give to the Congress information of the state of the union, and recommend to their consideration such measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient† (US Constitution Article II Section 3) As the Constitution says, the President does need to inform Congress on the State of the Union from time to time, however it does not say anywhere that the President is required to divulge all the information having to do with certain incidents.Between Article I and Article II, others take this to mean that Congress has an unlimited power of inquiry, but in reality that is not the case. This fact has been ruled on multiple times by different courts, where usually they determine that either the President does not have to give up the information, or that the President has to give up certain aspects of that information based on other laws. It is also Congress’s right and duty to challenge the President when he uses executive privilege, in order to make sure that the power is not being abused, which is the exact reason for having separate branches and a balance of power.If it wasn’t for executive privilege, other countries might be less inclined to deal with the United States because they fear that every detail could go public. Along the same lines the president’s advisors can’t give their best advice if they have to worry that anything they say could be made public. Military secrets and intelligence also needs to be protected to better ensure our troops safety as well as protect our country and citizens from retaliation after an exposed military operation. There is also information that needs to remain secret because it is in the best interest of the public to not find out.Lastly and most importantly, if it wasn’t for executive privilege, national security and military intelligence matters could be made public, exposing our informants and jeopardizing our national security. In order to keep this power alive and protect sensitive information, the United States needs to add guidelines or an amendment that properly codifies executive privilege to prevent its abuse. Once this is done, in theory, there would not be any more issues of whether power can or cannot be used.Everything would be stated to say that the President can only use executive privilege in the situations previously stated and any other instance where executive privilege is claimed would be thrown out. Executive privilege helps to protect our citizens, our national security and our good standing and abili ty to negotiate with other countries. If we were not able to guarantee that level of secrecy it would be nearly impossible to conduct policy making, decision making, foreign negotiations, treaties, as well as threaten the United States and their citizens’ safety.References Baker, Peter, and Susan Schmidt. â€Å"Washingtonpost. com Special Report: Clinton Accused. † Washington Post: Breaking News, World, US, DC News & Analysis. N. p. , 6 May 1998. Web. 8 Nov. 2012. http://www. washingtonpost. com/wp-srv/politics/special/clinton/stories/starr050698. Hamilton, Alexander, and John C. Hamilton. The works of Alexander Hamilton comprising his correspondence, and his political and official writings, exclusive of the Federalist, civil and military. New York: J. F. Trow, 1851.Print. Richardson, James D.. A compilation of the messages and papers of the presidents. New York: Bureau of national literature, 1897. Print. Silverleib, Alan. â€Å"House holds Holder in contempt  œ CNN. com. † CNN. com – Breaking News, U. S. , World, Weather, Entertainment & Video News. N. p. , 29 May 2012. Web. 5 Nov. 2012. http://www. cnn. com/2012/06/28/politics/holder-contempt/index. html. United States v. Nixon, 418 U. S. 683 (1974) (Justice Burger Opinion of the Court) United States Constitution, 1789

Checkpoint Childhood Development and Sexual Behavior

Checkpoint: Childhood Development Sexual Behavior 05/06/2012 Psy/265 Christopher Griffin The sexual behaviors found in fetuses and newborns are that male fetuses have erections. Both male and female fetuses will suck on their fingers. In infancy stimulation of the genitals may produce sensations of pleasure. Early as 8 months of age pelvic thrusting has been observed. Additionally, masturbation has been observed between 6 to 12 months of age. Sleeping with your infant does not affect sexual development. In early childhood statistics in regards to masturbation at ages 3 to 8 is based on perception.Early in childhood children show their interest in the genitals and may role play. Same sex sexual activity play is more common than in heterosexual play and does not play a role in sexual orientation. In preadolescent it has been observed that preadolescents socialize with same sex friends and become self-conscious about their bodies. Preadolescent’s primary method of obtaining orgas m is masturbation. Sex play in preadolescence involves displaying of genitals by both parties involved and can be with or without touching.Preadolescent same sex sexual behavior is short lived and mostly for exploratory purpose. In adolescence the major sexual act is masturbation. Adolescents use petting as a pathway to obtaining sexual satisfaction without the possibility of pregnancy or ending their virgin status. Premarital sex has increased mostly in females and very few adolescents report their sexual experience with individuals of the same sex. These encounters have been known to be transitory for the adolescent. Gay adolescents have a much harder time because of stigmatization of society.

Student High School and Student Council Essay

Student High School and Student Council Essay Student: High School and Student Council Essay Student Council Adopt a Family The student council at Staunton River HS in Moneta, VA, adopts a needy family from one of its feeder schools each year for the holidays. Each student who wishes to participate must raise at least $50 to contribute to the project. The group typically raises between $800 and $1,000. On the designated day, student council members sing carols at a local nursing home and visit with the patients. Afterwards, they go shopping for their adopted family and wrap the gifts. Someone then delivers the gifts to the family that day. "All this is done anonymously," says Margaret Petty, student council adviser. "The family may know our student council members are the donors, but our students never know the recipients." Rolling Out the Welcome Mat Some people just know how to make someone feel at home. When the parents of one freshman at Germantown HS in Memphis, TN, realized that their son probably wasn't the only student new to the area, they asked the principal for the names and phone numbers for all the high school students who had recently moved to the area. They invited the students and their parents to a pizza party at their house before the first day of school and gave them an opportunity to meet their classmates before walking into the classroom. The party was a rousing success. The next Monday every new student had someone they could eat lunch with and laugh with. Benchmark Bash Instead of providing the usual advice for students prior to standardized testingget a good night's sleep, skip questions you don't know and come back to them, bring an extra pencilthe student council at Goza MS in Arkadelphia, AR, decided to get ready for its round of spring tests with a Benchmark Bash that involved both students and parents. The Bash was a school dance and a question and answer session for parents on the Benchmark Exam, a state-mandated test that measures students' proficiency in math and literacy. All students at the middle school were invited to attend the dance and the entry "fee" was to bring a parent. Students went to the cafeteria for a dance while parents were able to choose from a variety of presentations on topics related to the testing such as four-year planning for eighth graders, test preparation, and how the test affects students in special education classes. The sessions were videotaped for parents who were unable to attend and would like the informati on. Night at the Oscars The stars come out at Kankakee Valley HS in Wheatfield, IN, each spring as the student council treats the school to a night at the Oscars. A week before the event, the student council members put out a call for nominations in such categories as

WASP - Women Pilots of World War II

WASP - Women Pilots of World War II In the United States, women pilots were trained to fly non-combat missions in order to free male pilots for combat missions. They ferried planes from the manufacturing plants to military bases, and ended up doing much more - including flying new aircraft such as the B-29, to prove to male pilots that these were not as difficult to fly as the men thought! Well before World War II became imminent, women had made their mark as pilots. Amelia Earhart, Jacqueline Cochran, Nancy Harkness Love, Bessie Coleman and Harriet Quimby were only a few of the women record-holders in aviation. In 1939, women were allowed to be part of the Civilian Pilot Training Program, a program designed to train college students to fly, with an eye to national defense. But women were limited by quota to one woman for every ten men in the program. Jackie Cochran and Nancy Harkness Love separately proposed the use by the military of women. Cochran lobbied Eleanor Roosevelt, writing a 1940 letter urging that a womens division of the Air Force be established especially to ferry planes from manufacturing plants to military bases. With no such American program supporting the Allies in their war effort, Cochran and 25 other American women pilots joined the British Air Transportation Auxiliary. Shortly after, Nancy Harkness Love was successful in getting the Womens Auxiliary Ferrying Squadron (WAFS) established, and a few women were hired. Jackie Cochran returned to establish the Womens Flying Training Detachment (WFTD). On August 5, 1943, these two efforts - WAFS and WFTD - merged to become the Women Airforce Service Pilots (WASP), with Cochran as director. More than 25,000 women applied - with requirements including a pilots license and many hours experience. The first class graduated on December 17, 1943. The women had to pay their own way to the training program in Texas. A total of 1830 were accepted into training and 1074 women graduated from WASP training during its existence, plus 28 WAFS. The women were trained the Army way and their graduation rate was similar to that for male military pilots. The WASP was never militarized, and those who served as WASP were considered civil service employees. There was considerable opposition to the WASP program in the press and in Congress. General Henry Hap Arnold, US Army Air Force commander, first supported the program, then disbanded it. The WASP was deactivated December 20, 1944, having flown about 60 million miles in operations. Thirty-eight WASP were killed, including some during training. Records of WASP were classified and sealed, so historians minimized or ignored the women pilots. In 1977 - the same year the Air Force graduated its first post-WASP women pilots - Congress granted veteran status to those who had served as WASP, and in 1979 issued official honorable discharges. Wings Across America is a project to tape memories of WASP. Note: WASP is the correct use even in the plural for the program. WASPs is incorrect, because the P stands for Pilots so its already plural.

Apple vs. Samsung Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Apple vs. Samsung - Research Paper Example Samsung has been able to create different versions of one product to meet various types of consumers needs. Apple on the other hand has specialized in the creation of various products for a wide range of varying needs. Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, and Ronald Wayne founded Apple Inc. in 1976. The company’s headquarters are in Cupertino in South Korea. The company is a dealer of designer software, electronics, and provision of computer services (OGrady, 2012). Samsung, a company in the same field, began its journey in 1938 under the foundation of Lee Byung- chul in Daegu, which is located in South Korea (Lee, 2006). This paper aims to evaluate the two companies in terms of product, place, promotion, and price. Product refers something tangible or intangible available for purchase from an organization. Samsung produces many products of a fairly similar nature to suit various consumers. Apple produces technologically varying products to meet varying needs. Samsung has been leading product provider since its inception. Scholars and economists have noted that since the creation of Apple, Samsung has been forced to revamp and re-strategize itself every so often to keep up with the threat. Samsung has been able to compete due to the advantage that it has created a tough image for decades on end and has established goodwill with the globe (Thamhain, 2014). This was the most important part of the data collection process. This is because participants were allowed to take their questionnaires with them for a period spanning 5 days. Questionnaires were handed out to 20 persons randomly. In this section, the results of the survey about respondents’ preferences will be reported. The report is structured by each of the five questions in the survey beginning with question 1.Percentages were used to ensure that an overall perspective on Reponses was acquired. The first point illustrates the percentage of participants that had a

Case asalysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Case asalysis - Assignment Example 12 percent of the respondents claim they would immediately consult a health care provider if the option of a weight-loss prescription drug was available. The results of the clinical trials are also pretty encouraging. All these aspects have prompted CSP to seek a nod from the Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA) approval for manufacturing and marketing Metabical. Two major decisions pertaining to packaging and pricing of Metabical still need to be taken. Both these decisions are to be taken by Barbara Printup, senior director of marketing for CSP. The company expects Metabical to be approved as a 12-week treatment plan. CSP contemplates that a days-of-the-week, ‘blister’ style wrap up would be the optimal package for the drug. The quantum of medicine to be put in one pack is dependent on the price and paying capacity of the target market. The final decision on pricing is to be taken on one of the three models; competition based pricing, mark-up pricing and value based pricing. In the ultimate analysis, these important decisions would determine the demand (unit value) for Metabical. Market research suggests that the condition of being overweight is all pervasive. It affects people of all demographic profiles. Both men and women, young and old are overweight. Thus CSP can segment the potential Metabical consumers on various segmentation variables including demographic, socio-economic and behavioral. CSP can use multiple criteria to segment the customers. At the outset the behavioral segmentation can be deployed to identify the customers who are willing to avail the benefit of weight loss. Printup has valuable information on important parameters like age, gender, education level, income level and prevalence of obesity in the United States. This data will enable Printup take an informed decision on segmentation of customers. Printup has reasons to

Destination Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Destination Marketing - Essay Example These DM initiatives in Vietnam have led to considerable improvement of tourist numbers with the number surpassing 5 million; this represents a 40% increase from 2009. However, Vietnam still lags behind other countries within the region for instance, Laos and Philippines which are smaller destinations. Vietnam marketers are also concentrated in promoting Vietnam as a cultural destination rather than focusing on other products like sports and eco-tourism which has gained much attention in the recent years. 1. INTRODUCTION Vietnam is the destination under focus and the country belongs to the greater Asia-Pacific tourism circuit. This report identifies the destination marketing organizations (DMOs) within Vietnam as well as giving a version of their structure and responsibilities. SWOT analysis is conducted to investigate the market’s competitiveness while also giving the challenges and constraints. Lastly, develop a two year marketing plan aimed at keeping the destination compet itive in a rapidly changing market place. We use the Vietnam National Administration of Tourism’s website to find information about their operations including their overall objectives, promotional activities; it also gives their structure and partner organizations in both private and public sector. This report analyses key destination markets while also gauging Vietnam’s competitiveness within the region; this assists in understanding trends of development in tourism industry while at the same time investigating threats and areas of opportunities that can be explored to improve performance in the succeeding 2 years. 2. BACKGROUND INFORMATION ABOUT THE DMO The major DMO is the Vietnam National Administration of Tourism (VNAT) which is an institution under The Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism that is tasked with marketing key Vietnamese attractions (Kozak, Gnoth & Andreu 2009). In terms of structure, this authority is headed by a Director General who coordinates f unctions falling under the following departments: travel, hotel, finance, international cooperation, personnel organization and  tourism marketing departments (Schweyer, Pi?amme?tta?wat 2011). The following are the activities that VNAT is involved in: Planning This is a management function that indicates the process of formulating and organising all the activities needed to achieve desired ends. In the DMOs, planning determines how, when and who is going to carry out specific tasks within the tourism industry to promote brand Vietnam. DMOs plan on how to utilize both human and physical resources including finances and other government incentives to encourage growth and competitiveness. Business development This is a long term process that the DMO’s undertake in order to introduce new products as a response to changing customer tastes or tap into new markets. It is always accompanied by extensive research that interrogates the holistic tourism industry in Vietnam (Ritchie, C rouch 2003). Public relations They carry this out by managing information flow between the government and tourism stakeholders. This is in an effort to maintain a favourable image of Vietnam in order to keep the tourists coming in. Vietnam has had a history of conflicts and human rights violations but these DMO’s have tried to market the new face of Vietnam through the internet and

Report consisting of local, regional and national teams in football Essay Example for Free

Report consisting of local, regional and national teams in football Essay My local, regional and national football team is Tranmere Rovers FC; they currently have 26 members of their first team, which is managed by Ronnie Moore. They play in the Coca-Cola Football League One, which is basically the 2nd division excluding the premiership. In 1999, the sports market was valued at around à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½4.17 billion, an increase of 4.9 per cent on the 1998 value. This means that football on its own makes nearly a quarter of the sports market now. The most successful avenue has been in the form of replica clothing and football shirts. This particular commercialisation of sports increases revenue for teams and is one of the major sources of income. A perfect example of this would be when Real Madrid bought David Beckham from Manchester United for à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½20 million plus. This was a very high transfer price but Real Madrid were very clever because they knew that they would earn millions of pounds from replica kits bought because they had Beckham playing for them. Most premiership clubs now have superstores attached to their grounds where supporters can buy merchandise. Clubs can also expand their retail business to other countries, the top teams in the world have stores in Asia where football is very popular, even more so when they have Asian players in their team. Ji Sung Park who plays for Manchester United would have made them millions of pound in revenue from fans in Asia buying replica kits. Football over the past decade has become more and more about money. Teams who earn promotion to the Premiership can expect to earn up to à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½30 million through TV revenue and sponsors. The top teams who compete in continental competitions such as the Champions league can expect to earn as much as à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½20 million more. The lower leagues do not have the luxury of this amount of money but they do receive TV revenue, but this is split between the leagues and is much lower than the à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½30 million expected from premiership teams. Because Tranmere Rovers are a professional side, they can sell their replica shirts in the retail sector. These are priced at à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½39.99 for the home kit and à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½39.99 for the away kit and provide a considerable amount of revenue. Ticket sales are also another form of income that football clubs rely on, many of the top teams can earn as much as à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½1 million per game dependent on the size of their ground. Main Stand Adults à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½18 Young Persons (17-22) à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½13 Seniors (60+) à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½10 Juniors à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½5 Paddock / Johnny King Stand Adults à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½16 Young Persons (17-22) à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½11 Seniors à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½8 Juniors à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½5 Kop Stand Adults à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½15 Young Persons (17-22) à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½8 Seniors à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½8 Juniors à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½5 In 2006 Tranmere average attendance was 7,211 in league one. Their estimated gate receipts for a home game would therefore be à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½129,798. In league 1 they play 23 home games so an estimated à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½2,985,354 a season is made from gate receipts. For the Financial year ending 30 June 2006 the club operated at a pre-tax profit of à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½397,662. Advertising is another important financial investment that Tranmere Rovers use to increase revenue. The advertisement that is available around the ground is as follows; Perimeter board à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½1,500 per season Half page adverts in match day programs à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½1,000 per season Full page adverts in match day programs à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½2,000 per season Player sponsors à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½300 Webpage advertisement à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½300 per month (à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½3,600) per year Match day sponsor à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½1200 for 16 guests Match ball sponsor à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½160 Tranmere can expect to make an estimated à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½12,760 from advertising each year through each individual offer. Sponsorship is a very important factor in the overall turnover in most professional football teams and Tranmere is no different. Tranmere rovers employ many individuals to help with the daily running of the club, organising events, finance, sponsorship, and many other duties to help with the squad. The club is run by these individuals; Chairman Lorraine Rogers Chief Executive Mick Horton Finance Director Richard Hughes Associate Director Tony Adams Associate Director Norman Wilson President Peter Johnson They employ a further 24 people that work behind the scenes at the club as well as the reserve team and youth team. Local Rugby The local rugby team I will discuss is Widnes Vikings, they currently have 29 first team players who are manages by Steve McCormack, they have 30 first team members in their squad In comparison to football, there is a lot less money involved in rugby league. But teams such as Widnes Vikings can still make money through advertising and merchandise. They compete in the National league 1 which is a division below the Super league. When they were relegated from the super league in 2005 they decided to remain a professional side rather than switch to amateur, this resulted in the club being in debt because they failed to achieve promotion to the super league. On 29 January 1999 Halton Borough Council took over responsibility for the entire Stadium, both financially and managerially. This was necessary as the joint venture companies arrangements were not performing as expected. This plunged the club into even more debt. Halton stadium can now hold 13,350; Widnes Vikings only have an average attendance of only 6,500. This is much lower than other clubs in the league and one of the main reasons could be the ticket prices. A season ticket can be up to à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½224.00 A normal match day ticket can be à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½16 This is much higher than other clubs in the league and this could explain the low attendances. Merchandising is also a major part of the Vikings revenue. They sell replica kits in many sport shops, these shirts cost up to à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½20-à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½30. Another avenue for revenue is advertising and TV revenue. Sky sports 1 regularly show live Widnes Vikings games during the season. The money from TV revenue is a much needed source of income for rugby league sides. The main people who run the club and deal with the business are as follows: Chief Executive: Peter Barrow Operations Manager: Patrick Cluskey Head Coach: Steve McCormack Assistant Coach: Andy Haigh Under 21s Coach: John Stankevitch Under 18s Coach: Dave Banks Strength Conditioning: Andy Haigh Player Performance Manager: John Foran Community Manager: Martin Davidson Community Development Officer: Rob Calland Bibliography www.widnesvikings.co.uk www.tranmererovers.premiumtv.co.uk www.wikipedia.co.uk Task B There are 3 different sectors that I will look at and how the organisation of sport is dictated. Voluntary Sector The voluntary sector is the largest sector for participation for sport in Britain. Most amateur clubs, like Sunday league football clubs are run on a voluntary basis and some voluntary clubs own their own facilities, but most of the amateur clubs hire out to train in. The facilities that these clubs hire out are usually hired from the public sector and this gives the voluntary clubs the chance to play sport. The voluntary sector is also linked to the private sector because they can have sponsorship from the private sector. The voluntary sector is funded by the members of there own club, for example in a football team you have to pay a signing on fee, pay for training facilities and pay match fees which usually covers the cost of team kit and the fee for the referee. Clubs can also apply for money grants from 4 different sources, which are the national lottery, national governing bodies, government and local authorities. Public sector The public sector is split up into 2 different governments which are central government and local government and each of these have many different jobs to do for sport. Local government invests à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½1.1 billion a year on British sport and focuses on providing equitable access to sport and recreation facilities and different opportunities for the public. Central government in funded by taxes, VAT and it also receives money from the national lottery. Its role in sport is to develop policies, passes laws, funds sports councils, which are UK sports council and then one sports council each for England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. Central government also distributes lottery money which then can be divided out to many plans, such as providing grants and to local governments. Central government has a different number of departments that are responsible for sport and they are the department for culture, media and sport (UK), the Northern Ireland of education and Welsh and Scottish offices. Private sector The main aim of the private sector is to provide a service for its customers and members while at the same time making a profit for the company. Individuals invest their own money in facilities. There are only 2 reasons why the private sector provides sports facilities and they are to make a profit off sport and to make a profit on their own investment. The areas private sectors are involved in-active sport (tennis, fitness suites), spectator sports (stadiums for football) and sponsorship. The private sectors, such as football clubs may run football camps involving the public sector to set it up with them, or football clubs might invite voluntary clubs to their training facilities and show them round the stadium. Money in football has increased dramatically since the introduction of the FA Premier league in 1992. The main reason for this is the TV revenue the teams earn by their games being aired live on TV, usually on Sky sports on Setanta sports. This is illustrated by the figures shown by Deloitte, club revenues of over à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½1.4 billion in 2005-06 while is 2007/2008 it is expected to be above à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½1.8 billion. With the new three year deal Sky will pay à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½1.314 billion for 92 games and Setanta à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½392 million for 46 games. Foreign TV rights will produce à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½625 million in revenue whilst Internet and Mobile Phone revenue will be à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½400 million. The top club in Premiership will receive à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½50m (including prize money as well as TV revenue) compared to à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½30.4 million with the current deal. The new deals will, by a significant margin, provide the Premier League with the second richest set of television contracts negotiated by any sports league in the world. This is a lot of money for a business that started out in public schools in the late 80s, and there are a lot of drawbacks for the fans because of the media and the sponsorship deals such as: Rule changing Because the game is watched by millions of fans all around the world, on certain channels that have paid millions of pounds to be able to show, they can have the influence to change the rules. In 1994 the golden goal was introduced, this meant that if the game went into extra-time, the first team to score a golden goal would therefore win the game. It was introduced to the game to stimulate offensive tactics and flair by teams and effectively reduce the number of penalty shoot-outs.