Destination Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Destination Marketing - Essay Example These DM initiatives in Vietnam have led to considerable improvement of tourist numbers with the number surpassing 5 million; this represents a 40% increase from 2009. However, Vietnam still lags behind other countries within the region for instance, Laos and Philippines which are smaller destinations. Vietnam marketers are also concentrated in promoting Vietnam as a cultural destination rather than focusing on other products like sports and eco-tourism which has gained much attention in the recent years. 1. INTRODUCTION Vietnam is the destination under focus and the country belongs to the greater Asia-Pacific tourism circuit. This report identifies the destination marketing organizations (DMOs) within Vietnam as well as giving a version of their structure and responsibilities. SWOT analysis is conducted to investigate the market’s competitiveness while also giving the challenges and constraints. Lastly, develop a two year marketing plan aimed at keeping the destination compet itive in a rapidly changing market place. We use the Vietnam National Administration of Tourism’s website to find information about their operations including their overall objectives, promotional activities; it also gives their structure and partner organizations in both private and public sector. This report analyses key destination markets while also gauging Vietnam’s competitiveness within the region; this assists in understanding trends of development in tourism industry while at the same time investigating threats and areas of opportunities that can be explored to improve performance in the succeeding 2 years. 2. BACKGROUND INFORMATION ABOUT THE DMO The major DMO is the Vietnam National Administration of Tourism (VNAT) which is an institution under The Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism that is tasked with marketing key Vietnamese attractions (Kozak, Gnoth & Andreu 2009). In terms of structure, this authority is headed by a Director General who coordinates f unctions falling under the following departments: travel, hotel, finance, international cooperation, personnel organization and  tourism marketing departments (Schweyer, Pi?amme?tta?wat 2011). The following are the activities that VNAT is involved in: Planning This is a management function that indicates the process of formulating and organising all the activities needed to achieve desired ends. In the DMOs, planning determines how, when and who is going to carry out specific tasks within the tourism industry to promote brand Vietnam. DMOs plan on how to utilize both human and physical resources including finances and other government incentives to encourage growth and competitiveness. Business development This is a long term process that the DMO’s undertake in order to introduce new products as a response to changing customer tastes or tap into new markets. It is always accompanied by extensive research that interrogates the holistic tourism industry in Vietnam (Ritchie, C rouch 2003). Public relations They carry this out by managing information flow between the government and tourism stakeholders. This is in an effort to maintain a favourable image of Vietnam in order to keep the tourists coming in. Vietnam has had a history of conflicts and human rights violations but these DMO’s have tried to market the new face of Vietnam through the internet and

Report consisting of local, regional and national teams in football Essay Example for Free

Report consisting of local, regional and national teams in football Essay My local, regional and national football team is Tranmere Rovers FC; they currently have 26 members of their first team, which is managed by Ronnie Moore. They play in the Coca-Cola Football League One, which is basically the 2nd division excluding the premiership. In 1999, the sports market was valued at around à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½4.17 billion, an increase of 4.9 per cent on the 1998 value. This means that football on its own makes nearly a quarter of the sports market now. The most successful avenue has been in the form of replica clothing and football shirts. This particular commercialisation of sports increases revenue for teams and is one of the major sources of income. A perfect example of this would be when Real Madrid bought David Beckham from Manchester United for à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½20 million plus. This was a very high transfer price but Real Madrid were very clever because they knew that they would earn millions of pounds from replica kits bought because they had Beckham playing for them. Most premiership clubs now have superstores attached to their grounds where supporters can buy merchandise. Clubs can also expand their retail business to other countries, the top teams in the world have stores in Asia where football is very popular, even more so when they have Asian players in their team. Ji Sung Park who plays for Manchester United would have made them millions of pound in revenue from fans in Asia buying replica kits. Football over the past decade has become more and more about money. Teams who earn promotion to the Premiership can expect to earn up to à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½30 million through TV revenue and sponsors. The top teams who compete in continental competitions such as the Champions league can expect to earn as much as à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½20 million more. The lower leagues do not have the luxury of this amount of money but they do receive TV revenue, but this is split between the leagues and is much lower than the à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½30 million expected from premiership teams. Because Tranmere Rovers are a professional side, they can sell their replica shirts in the retail sector. These are priced at à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½39.99 for the home kit and à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½39.99 for the away kit and provide a considerable amount of revenue. Ticket sales are also another form of income that football clubs rely on, many of the top teams can earn as much as à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½1 million per game dependent on the size of their ground. Main Stand Adults à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½18 Young Persons (17-22) à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½13 Seniors (60+) à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½10 Juniors à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½5 Paddock / Johnny King Stand Adults à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½16 Young Persons (17-22) à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½11 Seniors à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½8 Juniors à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½5 Kop Stand Adults à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½15 Young Persons (17-22) à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½8 Seniors à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½8 Juniors à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½5 In 2006 Tranmere average attendance was 7,211 in league one. Their estimated gate receipts for a home game would therefore be à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½129,798. In league 1 they play 23 home games so an estimated à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½2,985,354 a season is made from gate receipts. For the Financial year ending 30 June 2006 the club operated at a pre-tax profit of à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½397,662. Advertising is another important financial investment that Tranmere Rovers use to increase revenue. The advertisement that is available around the ground is as follows; Perimeter board à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½1,500 per season Half page adverts in match day programs à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½1,000 per season Full page adverts in match day programs à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½2,000 per season Player sponsors à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½300 Webpage advertisement à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½300 per month (à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½3,600) per year Match day sponsor à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½1200 for 16 guests Match ball sponsor à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½160 Tranmere can expect to make an estimated à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½12,760 from advertising each year through each individual offer. Sponsorship is a very important factor in the overall turnover in most professional football teams and Tranmere is no different. Tranmere rovers employ many individuals to help with the daily running of the club, organising events, finance, sponsorship, and many other duties to help with the squad. The club is run by these individuals; Chairman Lorraine Rogers Chief Executive Mick Horton Finance Director Richard Hughes Associate Director Tony Adams Associate Director Norman Wilson President Peter Johnson They employ a further 24 people that work behind the scenes at the club as well as the reserve team and youth team. Local Rugby The local rugby team I will discuss is Widnes Vikings, they currently have 29 first team players who are manages by Steve McCormack, they have 30 first team members in their squad In comparison to football, there is a lot less money involved in rugby league. But teams such as Widnes Vikings can still make money through advertising and merchandise. They compete in the National league 1 which is a division below the Super league. When they were relegated from the super league in 2005 they decided to remain a professional side rather than switch to amateur, this resulted in the club being in debt because they failed to achieve promotion to the super league. On 29 January 1999 Halton Borough Council took over responsibility for the entire Stadium, both financially and managerially. This was necessary as the joint venture companies arrangements were not performing as expected. This plunged the club into even more debt. Halton stadium can now hold 13,350; Widnes Vikings only have an average attendance of only 6,500. This is much lower than other clubs in the league and one of the main reasons could be the ticket prices. A season ticket can be up to à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½224.00 A normal match day ticket can be à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½16 This is much higher than other clubs in the league and this could explain the low attendances. Merchandising is also a major part of the Vikings revenue. They sell replica kits in many sport shops, these shirts cost up to à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½20-à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½30. Another avenue for revenue is advertising and TV revenue. Sky sports 1 regularly show live Widnes Vikings games during the season. The money from TV revenue is a much needed source of income for rugby league sides. The main people who run the club and deal with the business are as follows: Chief Executive: Peter Barrow Operations Manager: Patrick Cluskey Head Coach: Steve McCormack Assistant Coach: Andy Haigh Under 21s Coach: John Stankevitch Under 18s Coach: Dave Banks Strength Conditioning: Andy Haigh Player Performance Manager: John Foran Community Manager: Martin Davidson Community Development Officer: Rob Calland Bibliography www.widnesvikings.co.uk www.tranmererovers.premiumtv.co.uk www.wikipedia.co.uk Task B There are 3 different sectors that I will look at and how the organisation of sport is dictated. Voluntary Sector The voluntary sector is the largest sector for participation for sport in Britain. Most amateur clubs, like Sunday league football clubs are run on a voluntary basis and some voluntary clubs own their own facilities, but most of the amateur clubs hire out to train in. The facilities that these clubs hire out are usually hired from the public sector and this gives the voluntary clubs the chance to play sport. The voluntary sector is also linked to the private sector because they can have sponsorship from the private sector. The voluntary sector is funded by the members of there own club, for example in a football team you have to pay a signing on fee, pay for training facilities and pay match fees which usually covers the cost of team kit and the fee for the referee. Clubs can also apply for money grants from 4 different sources, which are the national lottery, national governing bodies, government and local authorities. Public sector The public sector is split up into 2 different governments which are central government and local government and each of these have many different jobs to do for sport. Local government invests à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½1.1 billion a year on British sport and focuses on providing equitable access to sport and recreation facilities and different opportunities for the public. Central government in funded by taxes, VAT and it also receives money from the national lottery. Its role in sport is to develop policies, passes laws, funds sports councils, which are UK sports council and then one sports council each for England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. Central government also distributes lottery money which then can be divided out to many plans, such as providing grants and to local governments. Central government has a different number of departments that are responsible for sport and they are the department for culture, media and sport (UK), the Northern Ireland of education and Welsh and Scottish offices. Private sector The main aim of the private sector is to provide a service for its customers and members while at the same time making a profit for the company. Individuals invest their own money in facilities. There are only 2 reasons why the private sector provides sports facilities and they are to make a profit off sport and to make a profit on their own investment. The areas private sectors are involved in-active sport (tennis, fitness suites), spectator sports (stadiums for football) and sponsorship. The private sectors, such as football clubs may run football camps involving the public sector to set it up with them, or football clubs might invite voluntary clubs to their training facilities and show them round the stadium. Money in football has increased dramatically since the introduction of the FA Premier league in 1992. The main reason for this is the TV revenue the teams earn by their games being aired live on TV, usually on Sky sports on Setanta sports. This is illustrated by the figures shown by Deloitte, club revenues of over à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½1.4 billion in 2005-06 while is 2007/2008 it is expected to be above à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½1.8 billion. With the new three year deal Sky will pay à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½1.314 billion for 92 games and Setanta à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½392 million for 46 games. Foreign TV rights will produce à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½625 million in revenue whilst Internet and Mobile Phone revenue will be à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½400 million. The top club in Premiership will receive à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½50m (including prize money as well as TV revenue) compared to à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½30.4 million with the current deal. The new deals will, by a significant margin, provide the Premier League with the second richest set of television contracts negotiated by any sports league in the world. This is a lot of money for a business that started out in public schools in the late 80s, and there are a lot of drawbacks for the fans because of the media and the sponsorship deals such as: Rule changing Because the game is watched by millions of fans all around the world, on certain channels that have paid millions of pounds to be able to show, they can have the influence to change the rules. In 1994 the golden goal was introduced, this meant that if the game went into extra-time, the first team to score a golden goal would therefore win the game. It was introduced to the game to stimulate offensive tactics and flair by teams and effectively reduce the number of penalty shoot-outs.

Tiresias, Oedipus, and Self Essay -- Oedipus the King Oedipus Rex

Tiresias, Oedipus Rex, and Self  Ã‚   The play Oedipus Rex, written by Sophocles, tells a horrendous tale about one man's quest for the truth. In the play, King Oedipus was burdened with the task of finding his predecessor's murderer so that order may be restored to his kingdom. While his conscious mind was seeking the murderer, his unconscious mind was retarding his progress in order to conceal the truth. Tiresias, prophesies the truth to Oedipus, but Oedipus's unconscious mind would not hear it. Thus, when the awful truth is finally revealed, Oedipus is overwhelmed by it. This causes the physical and emotional wounds that would last him a lifetime. A supplementary piece of literature, Tiresias by Tennyson, was written to complement this play. In Tennyson's poem, he told about a man who was touched by the Gods, when he reached the point of enlightenment in his life; this man is Tiresias. Through the study of Tennyson's Tiresias, one can better understand the play Oedipus Rex, Oedipus the character and one's self. In Tiresias, the narrator speaks about his desire to be like his friend Fitz. The perception of Fitz given by Tennyson is that he was a very spiritual man touched by the Gods. Tennyson's first attempt to be like Fitz was to become a vegetarian: And once for ten long weeks I tried Your table of Pythagoras, And seem'd at first "a thing enskied," As Shakespeare has it, airy-light To float above the ways of men, Then fell from that half-spiritual height Chill'd, till I tasted flesh again One night when the earth was winter-black, And all the heavens flash'd in frost; And on me, half-asleep, came back That wholesome heat the blood had lost, And set me climbing icy capes . . . (Tennyson, 14-... ...ind's frailty consider his last day; and let none presume on his good fortune until he find life, at his death, a memory without pain." (Sophocles, 757) This imagery of peace and serenity causes one to strive for such enlightenment. After an extensive examination of both works, one's understanding of Oedipus Rex the play, Oedipus the character, and one's self is heightened. One can better understand how Tiresias, Oedipus, and one's self are bound to the ways of the flesh. One also understands that in order to break free from the ways of man, one must reach enlightenment which is done when one is touched by the Gods.    Works Cited Sophocles. "Oedipus Rex." Elements of Literature. Ed. Robert Scholes, Nancy R. Comley, Carl H. Klaus, and David Staines. Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1990. 714-757. Tennyson. "Tiresias." ENGOA1 Handout.      

Beowulf and Spider Man Compare and Contrast

Beowulf is an ancient hero who became a king in pursuit of doing his majestic role in protecting the people against monsters that might harm them. On the other hand, Spider Man is a modern day hero, who not more than a newspaper photographer in a person of Peter Parker, who, in performing his goal of saving lives and protecting the people wear a costume in order to hide his real identity. That is not in the case of Beowulf. He does have to wear costume nor hide his real identity.With all his valor, he faces the enemy with courage using his bare hands or classical lethal weapons like sword and shield. The same courage can be found in Spider Man whenever he fights an opponent. But he does not use a sword nor shield to do so.What he is using is his special ability to crawl on walls and buildings like a spider. Within long distances, he is also aided with his highly sophisticated web-shooter that he uses to swing from one building to another. He also uses it to capture or disarm the enem y.Beowulf kills his enemy but Spider Man does not have the intention to do so. As a modern day hero, he tends to be a protector of life, with the desire of only capturing the enemy without killing. What he wants is to stop the enemy from doing troubles and harm to the citizen and to finally deliver the nuisance to the authority.In the case of Beuwolf, since his enemy are not humans, with the real intention of just putting people to death and destruction, that neither human laws nor authority can stop, what he does is to fight them to death.You can imagine the scenario when Spider Man would just capture or disarm an enemy while Beowulf is swinging his sword during his bloody heroic encounters, breaking the monsters limbs, or beheading them.You can find almost the same courage in them, but their fighting principle would just differ in terms of how they treat their opponents. During modern day, it would be more rational to put the social nuisance and the enemy of the citizen in the han d of the police or government.Beowulf would not look for soldiers nor authorities to turnover the capture. He would kill it. The people would be more happy if as a hero they may find him putting an end to the life of those monsters and dragons.That might be the difference why Spider does not decide to kill his opponent’s life. He took the idea of a hero that maintains peace and order, an extended arm of the authority and a helper to the society, without the goal of putting one’s life to death. However, their intention only remains the same, maintenance of peace and order.Regarding personal characteristics and attributes, Beouwulf mingled with people normally first as their hero and later their king whom the people extend awe and respect. Comparatively, Spider Man do not. His normal life lies on the fact that he has to live as an ordinary photographer, a lover Mary Jane, a nephew to his aunt and will soon become a super hero only during times of troubles. People know th at they live with Peter Parker everyday and everynight, but they did not have the slight idea that that clumsy Peter Parker is the ever clever Spider Man.Both of them uses the most advance technology of their time. Sword and shield for Beowulf, scientifically accumulated spider skills and sophisticated webshooter for Spider Man. In comparison, they perform their deeds using the best of their time.In contrast, Beowulf intend the sword and shield to kill the enemy, but Spider Man use his spider senses and webshooter merely to defend himself from the attack and to induce a non-fatal attack against any person that might bring the citizen to unsecured danger.

Critical review of Crafting Strategy

Introduction Strategic management contains various subjects and topics, most of which do not have the consistent identity (Ketchen, Boyd and Bergh, 2008). It is no doubt that there are still many debates towards strategy concept. In this essay, the article â€Å"crafting strategy† will be reviewed. This is analysed by putting the article in to a wider debate about strategy, then discussing its main strengths and weaknesses. Placing of the article in the wider strategy debate This article’s view fits the debate of prescriptive and emergent strategy.According to Whittington, prescriptive strategy is a rational approach in which planning plays a vital role, and it is more appropriate for large and mature industries (2002). However, Mintzberg challenged this perspective, saying that the process of strategy is distorted by the planning that misguides the organisations (1987). The differences between prescriptive and emergent strategy can be identified in two points. Prescrip tive strategy means formal planning, which involves an analytic process by top executives to set up a long-term mission and later undertaking by staff (Ansoff, 1965).However, in the view of emergent strategy, â€Å"It is not possible to develop a perspective of the future and formulate explicit objective in an unpredictable environment; instead, it is necessary to react in a flexible, opportunistic and accidental manner to new, unpredictable developments† (Idenburg, 1993: 136). In addition, due to the volatility and variability in market conditions, management decisions depend on information that is imprecise and fluctuated.As a result, an emergent strategic approach is more suitable for forms to conduct and business strategy should be adjustable instead of developing a prescriptive strategy with a foreseen result (Marlo, 2000). Moreover, the difference can also be shown by the attitude towards learning. â€Å"Purely deliberate strategy precludes learning once the strategy i s formulated; emergent strategy fosters it† (Mintzberg, 1987:69). Emergent strategy refers to the strategy formulation process which focuses on understanding of strategic learning and let the firm to experiment in a dynamic environment.Though agreement and compromise are part of the formulation process, there is an evident lack of knowledge in the performance system, which leads to a process featured with the emergency of meaning (Lowe and Jone, 2004). In terms of how learning applies to make the strategy, Mason (2007) states that emergent strategy making means all the employees utilise the flexible and strong adaptability to equalise structure and rapid change rather than responding to external change.The basic problem in strategy making is to achieve innovation and remain consistent and reliable strategy implementation. This may include adapt faster than other companies and responding and learning quickly from flaws. In another word, emerging organisation is able to improve employee 3 effectiveness, resulting in a positive influence to greater creativity and motivation in the organisational processes, and it, in turn, leads to better organisational performance (Huselid, 1995).In this article, it discusses emergent strategy, strategic reorientations and how to manage strategy. This is explained by compare and contrast with the deliberate strategy. Mintzberg’s article clearly belongs to prescriptive and emergent strategy debate and it gives strong support towards emergent strategy. Discussion of Strengths and Weaknesses This article involves some main strengths and weaknesses in terms of the strategy debate. In reality, there is no entirely prescriptive strategy or entirely emergent one, many approaches fall between these two extreme points.Most efficient strategy blends organisational learning with flexibility and deliberation and control, such as umbrella strategy and process strategy (Mintzberg, 1987). This idea fully reflects the complexity fo r the business world, even though Mintzberg has an ardent preference towards emergent strategy, there is no guaranty that this is the most suitable or perfect method for all business. Besides, other analyses also illustrate the importance of strategy-making blends autonomy and planning in emergent strategy mode.To be more specific, by combining those two modes, organisation is able to gain productive adaptive capability and optimal alignment in firm through adapting to unpredictable environment in emergent strategy mode and coordinating business activities to complete company’s efficiency in strategy planning (Andersen and Nielsen. 2009). Another strength of this article is the statement about strategic thinking. Fiona (2002) points out that the central to sustain competitive advantage is to have a creative and divergent strategic thinking.This fresh perspective represents a new way for managers to consider and evaluate the operation of organisation. Just as Mintzberg mention s, strategic thinking is captured by informal learning from diverse sources included experiences, leading to an integrated view towards the firm, and then synthesizing the learning into an image of the business direction (1994). In contrast, many administrators merely analyse the figures and graphs, but those are the analysis of past information and predictions, which hold a substantial risk for business.Moreover, strategic thinking displays a whole perspective of mutual influences between each part of the company and its related environment. It also considers the interlinked relationship of past, present and future in order to think in time and utilise newly emerging chances (Liedtka, 1998). However, there still exists criticism about this article as well. One drawback is Mintzberg failed to study the problems of emergent strategy in the business environment. To begin with, sometimes this strategy may consume too much time. As this process includes various 4 experiments, it keeps t rying to identify new method until it successes.No doubt that this involves a long period since no one can find a suitable compromise every time. Apart from that, each time firm tries a new strategy, it costs an enormous amount of resources such as labours or machines use, which is a waste of capital. As Ansoff point out, Mintzberg does not consider the consequence of using a trial and error approach in various programs. In fact, this approach costs hugely, and research presents that acquisitions can achieve better financial results by conducting a planned approach to diversification instead of trial and error one (1991). ConclusionIn summary, this article presents the crafting strategy that is a metaphor towards strategymaking, and it considers the process of strategy making as craftsmen make their clay, which gives readers a vivid image of how the strategy formulates and implements. This practice is valuable at both beginning of strategy development and strategy review processes ( Heracleous and Jacobs, 2008). However, as this article was written in 1987 and many revolutions have happened in these decades, more researches need to carry out to review whether this strategy still fits well in modern business.

The Crucible Essays (826 words) - Salem Witch Trials, The Crucible

The Crucible Essays (826 words) - Salem Witch Trials, The Crucible The Crucible The deterioration of Salem's social structure precipitated the murders of many innocent people. Arthur Miller's depiction of the Salem witch trials, The Crucible, deals with a community that starts out looking like it is tightly knit and church loving. It turns out that once Tituba starts pointing her finger at the witches, the community starts pointing their fingers at each other. Hysteria and hidden agendas break down the social structure and then everyone must protect themselves from the people that they thought were their friends. The church, legal system and the togetherness of the community died so that children could protect their families' social status. Being isolated from any other group of people with different beliefs created a church led Puritan society that was not able to accept a lot of change. The church was against the devil, at the same time it was against such things as dancing and other premature acts. The reputation of the family was very important to the members of the community. When the girls were caught dancing in the woods, they lied to protect not just themselves but the reputation of their families. They claimed that the devil took them over and influenced them to dance. The girls also said that they saw members of the town standing with the devil. A community living in a puritan society like Salem could easily go into a chaotic state and have a difficult time dealing with what they consider to be the largest form of evil. Salem's hysteria made the community lose faith in the spiritual beliefs that they were trying to strictly enforce. The church lost many of its parishioners because the interest of the town was now on Abigail because people wanted to know who was going to be named next. When the church was trying to excommunicate John Proctor, there were not enough people at church to do it. The people were getting misled so far as to leave a dagger stuck in the door of their minister's house: "Tonight, when I open my door to leave my housea dagger clattered to the ground...There is danger for me."(128) were Parris' exact words. With the conveyer of God fearing for his life there was no longer anyone but Abigail to lead the community. The justice system is designed to protect the people that it serves but during the trials the accused witch had two choices, death or imprisonment. The punishment of death was given to all people that pleaded not guilty; the other punishment was to plead guilty and go to jail. John Proctor gave his view of the justice system when he said "I like not the smell of this 'authority' "(29). "And do you know that near to four hundred are in the jails from Marblehead to Lynn, and upon my signature?"(85) said Danforth, describing the number of people that were in jail on charges of witchcraft. There were so many people executed that Hale commented "there are orphans wandering from house to house; abandoned cattle bellow on the highroads, the stink of rotting crops hangs everywhere..."(130) Salem was turning into a ghost town. With Abigail controlling the community, the church no longer getting the whole town to prayer, and an unjust legal system, it is natural that the people were in a state of total chaos. The unexplained was caused by the devil, so some members of Salem used the unexplained to their advantage. Mrs. Putnam told the truth when she said, "There are wheels within wheels in this village, and fires within fires!"(26) Mrs. Putnam did her share of spreading rumors after she heard that the girls were flying, so she asked Parris "How high did she (Abigail) fly, how high?"(11). These rumors happened because people did not want any blame put on to themselves. This 'passing the buck' made people start fighting with one another such as Corey charging Putnam of having his daughter accuse a resident of witchcraft in order to get Corey's land. Abigail used her power of getting people to listen to her to her advantage when she charged Proctor's spouse with being a witch so Abigail could live with John. This again proves that Abigail had control of the

Bullet Points and Numbered Lists in Microsoft Word

Bullet Points and Numbered Lists in Microsoft Word Bullet Points and Numbered Lists in Microsoft Word Although most of an academic paper should be written with full sentences divided up into paragraphs, bullet points and numbered lists can be useful in some contexts. For instance, vertical lists are particularly useful when giving examples or reporting steps in a process. Microsoft Word also makes adding lists to a document reassuringly simple. All you need to do is follow the instructions below. Using Bullet Points in an Essay Bullet points are useful when listing things non-sequentially (i.e., when there is no specific order in which the items involved should be listed). They should also be reserved for longer lists, as short lists of up to three or four items can be included in the main text. To add a bullet pointed list to a document in Microsoft Word 2007 or later, simply: Place the cursor where you want the list to begin Go to â€Å"Paragraph† under the â€Å"Home† tab on the main ribbon Paragraph options. Click the â€Å"Bullets† button to begin a list (you can select the type of bullet point you want by using the arrow to open a new menu) Type the first entry in your list, hitting â€Å"Enter† to start the next one To end your list, hit â€Å"Enter† twice after the final item. You can even customize your bullet points with an image of your choosing for a little extra color. We like using eagles, but we admit that this probably isn’t appropriate for most academic documents. Disagree and an eagle will swoop down to correct you. Using Numbered Lists Numbered lists are appropriate when listing items sequentially or in order of importance. The process for adding a numbered list to a document is similar to adding a bulleted list: Select where you want to begin your list Go to the â€Å"Paragraph† section of the â€Å"Home† tab Click the â€Å"Numbering† button (you can select a numbering style from the dropdown menu by clicking the arrow) The Numbering options. Type your first entry, then hit â€Å"Enter† to create the next one As with bulleted lists, you end a numbered list by hitting â€Å"Enter† twice after the final item. For more control over the style, select â€Å"Define New Number Format† in the numbering menu. Using Multilevel Lists Finally, if you really want to push the boat out, you can use a â€Å"Multilevel† list. This is useful if you want to include sub-lists within a main list, like in the following: A multilevel list. To add a list like this to your document, you’ll have to: Select a list style under â€Å"Multilevel List† in the â€Å"Paragraph† section of the â€Å"Home† tab Multilevel list options. Write out your list as normal, beginning each item on a new line To adjust the â€Å"level† of any given point, simply open the â€Å"Multilevel List† menu and select the appropriate option from the â€Å"Change List Level† submenu Changing list level. As with the other lists discussed here, you can customize the style of multilevel lists by selecting â€Å"Define New Multilevel List† from the menu. This will open a new window where you can modify each level of your chosen list style as required. Editing a multilevel list.

How Much Do AP Tests Cost

How Much Do AP Tests Cost SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Curious about how much it costs to take an AP Test? Learn here how much your AP exams are going to cost you in 2015-16. We’ll also cover how to get financial aid if you need it. So read on for maximum AP test cost saving! AP Exam Cost for 2015-16 The fee for each AP Exam in 2015-16 is $92. This is a slight increase from the $91 fee in 2014-15. In general, the cost for AP exams tends to rise by a dollar or two each year. If you’re curious about the price for future years, you can expect the fee to rise slightly – maybe up to $93 or $94 in the next year or two. Don’t worry about a massive price jump happening anytime soon. Also, international students take note: the fee for exams at schools outside of the United States, U.S. territories and commonwealths, and Canada is $122 per exam. Since College Board is based in the U.S., it costs extra money to handle international testing. In short, AP exams definitely cost quite a bit! But there is finacial aid available. Read on to learn about College Board's fee reduction program. Can I Get Financial Aid for AP Exams? College Board provides a $30 fee reduction for each exam taken by students with demonstrated financial need. That $30 reduction brings down the total cost to $53 per exam ($30 + a $9 rebate from College Board). How the financial need for the fee reduction is determined depends on your state, and whether your district participates in a program called the Community Eligibility Provision (CEP). We’ll get into the nitty-gritty details below. Basically, the darker blue your state is, the bigger chance there is your district participates in CEP. But as we'll discuss below, the easiest way to find out is to talk to your guidance counselor. Map courtesy of the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities. The CEP is a program for schools and districts with high percentages of low-income children to provide free breakfast and lunch to all students. If a district already uses CEP, College Board simply allows students who are eligible for CEP to also qualify for AP fee reduction. If your district does not participate in CEP, then College Board uses the eligibility standards for the federal Free and Reduced Lunch program. We’ll go over exactly what those eligibility requirements look like below. If Your School Participates in CEP The guidelines for qualifying for the AP fee reduction in CEP districts are as follows: Either your family’s income is at or below 185 percent of the poverty level issued annually by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, or You qualify as an "identified student" because you are: in foster care or Head Start, or homeless or migrant, or living in households that receive SNAP/Food Stamps, TANF cash assistance, or the Food Distribution on Indian Reservations benefits If Your School Doesn’t Participate in CEP For schools and districts that do not participate in CEP, enrollment in or eligibility to participate in the federal Free or Reduced Lunch program can be used to qualify for AP Fee reduction. The qualifiers for free and reduced lunch are pretty much the same as CEP: Your family’s income is at or below 185 percent of the poverty level issued annually by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, or You are directly certified without application for free school meals because you are: in foster care or Head Start, or homeless or migrant, or living in households that receive SNAP/Food Stamps, TANF cash assistance, or the Food Distribution on Indian Reservations benefits You can read more about College Board's fee reduction policies to learn more. But what if you don’t meet those criteria? Or you do meet those criteria, but $53 per exam is still too expensive? Some states have additional funding that may be available for AP exams. This could lower that $53 price even more. Find those guidelines here. In addition, your school or district might have its own fee reduction guidelines or programs. So how do you find out exactly how much financial aid you can get for AP? Actionable There are quite a few channels to getting funding for your AP tests, but those channels vary by where you live. You could get money from College Board, from your state, or even from your school. To find out exactly how much financial aid you qualify for, go to your guidance counseling office and ask about AP Exam fees at your school. The guidance counselors can help determine if you qualify for College Board’s fee reduction, and furthermore, they’ll tell you about any additional funding programs your school or state might have. The guidance counseling office should have experience helping students get funding for AP exams, especially if your school has a pretty wide AP course selection. Is $92 Per Exam Worth It? If you’re anything like I was in high school, you may be getting a case of sticker shock right now. $92 per exam is a lot of money! Even if you qualify for College Board’s fee reduction, you could still be paying $53 per exam. So is the price worth it? Well, that depends on if you pass the exam and how your score translates to college credit and/or admissions competitiveness. If you pass an exam that is eligible for college credit at the school you end up attending, the cost can definitely be worth it – that $92 could pay for a course that runs in the hundreds or even thousands of dollars. Some students are even able to enter college as sophomores and save a whole year of tuition based on their AP credit. In for a penny, out for a pound, as the old saying goes. The $92 fee can also be worth it if you get a good score that helps you get into a selective college, even if that school doesn’t take AP credit. For example, I took nine AP classes over the course of high school. While many of them didn’t end up getting me course credit at Stanford, those classes – and the high scores I got on AP tests – certainly strengthened my application. For my family, the money spent on AP exams ended up being worthwhile, especially since I received a generous financial aid package from Stanford. This means you have to make a judgment call for each AP class and test – does the class add a meaningful challenge to your schedule, or are you just piling on AP classes? You're more likely to pass each AP exam you take if your schedule isn't jammed with them. Think carefully about this. As we’ve said before, don’t feel pressure to load up on AP classes just to have them. Only take the classes you are confident you can do well in and/or have strong personal interest for. Finally, the fee is absolutely not worth it if you fail the exam, because you won’t get college credit and that $92 is essentially wasted. Furthermore, a score of 1 or 2 does not look impressive to colleges, even if you get good grades in the AP class (in fact, that may just signal to the colleges the AP classes at your school are too easy). Again, make sure not to overload on AP classes! What’s Next? Learn even more about AP classes: how colleges use AP credit, the hardest and easiest AP classes, and whether the AP program is doing a good job. Also studying for the SAT/ACT? Learn how to develop a target score for the SAT/ACT based on your dream schools. College applications on the brain? Learn everything you need to know about the college essay and watch out for deadlines you can't miss. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points? We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Pressure Ulcer Prevention Using Skin Bundle Research Paper

Pressure Ulcer Prevention Using Skin Bundle - Research Paper Example Once the skin succumbs to bacteria or sustains injuries from friction and shear, healing takes longer because reduced flow of blood brings nutrients and removes wastes more slowly. Ischemia due to unrelieved pressure is usually observed in the elderly, malnourished patients, patients reduced to immobility because of their medical condition, fecal incontinence, and patients under less than conscious condition (Mauk 2009, p. 501). Pressure Ulcers: Incidence, Prevalence and Prevention In 2004, the National Home Survey reported that for every 10 residents in nursing homes all over the United States, 11% have succumbed to pressure ulcers with stage 2 pressure ulcer as the most common (see Fig. 2). Both whites and non-whites had equal percentage with the males edging the females at 13% and 10%, respectively (Park-Lee & Caffrey 2009). In 2007, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services reported some 257,412 preventable pressure ulcers as secondary diagnoses at cost averaging at $43,180 for every stay in the hospital. This compelled Medicare to give up shouldering pressure ulcer costs so as to encourage its prevention (Mauk 2009, p. 501). The Institute for Healthcare Improvement has recommended a set of simple interventions collectively known as ‘bundle’ for pressure ulcers prevention in 2003. Hospitals are encouraged to develop their own â€Å"bundle† in approaching pressure ulcer prevention (Paciella 2009, p. 43). The SKIN bundle, which is an acronym for Surface, Keep Moving, Incontinence and Nutrition, was developed by the Ascension Health facilities in 2004. In the succeeding pages a sample of change in practice program is outlined for a fictitious hospital ward called HTMC for the prevention of pressure ulcer using the SKIN bundle. Change in Practice for Pressure Ulcer Prevention Name of Ward (fictitious): East Wing 13 Holy Trinity Medical Center (HTMC) Demographics: 24-bed unit, 10 private and 14 semi-private; Staff is composed of ARNP, RN s, patient care technicians, nutritionists, therapists, and others Scope of Service: Patients in the ward are admitted for the following conditions: strokes and seizures, multiple sclerosis and other diseases that make them prone to develop pressure ulcers. A. ASSESSMENT In the first quarter of 2010, the East Wing 13 of the HTMC had reported 27% incidence of pressure ulcer cases compared to the National Database of Nursing Quality Indicators or NDNQI’s report of 3.8%, for Stage I-IV and 2.7%, for Stage II-IV for the year 2010. This is not a good development, not only because the ward’s statistic paled in comparison with the NDNQI’s but also because the CMS has stopped shouldering costs for pressure ulcers that are acquired in the ACFs. B. LINK The US DHHS recommended several measures in the prevention and care of pressure ulcers. These recommendations can be used by the East Wing 13 to reduce the percentage of pressure ulcer incidence. They include the following : skin inspection of patients at least once daily; skin cleansing in accordance to the needs of each patient; skin care such as moisturizers for dry skin and less exposure to humidity and cold; moisture due to incontinence, perspiration, or wound

The Cold War begin out of the ashes of WWII Essay

The Cold War begin out of the ashes of WWII - Essay Example 1 As the war was coming to an end, the Soviet Union had made it clear at the Yalta conference that they wanted control Eastern Europe and that Germany would be part of the deal. The President of the United States F D Roosevelt had conceded to Stalin, the leader of the Soviet Union most of his,2 this was the perception of most Americans. However, with the demise of the President of the United States Franklin D Roosevelt in 1945, the new administration led by Harry S Truman began to feel that the United States was cheated with the deal signed at Yalta.3 In addition, they blamed the soviets for lack of cooperation in ensuring that they follow the pact to the latter, the soviets were intent on expanding the communist philosophy all over the world. Americans became alarmed, and the president of the united states at that time Harry S Truman, gave an outline of points that reflected united states stand on the Cold War, these policies which he delivered to the Congress in 1947, came to be kn own as the Truman Doctrine. The British government was heavily weakened by the costs of the Second World War and as a result they could no longer provide material and financial aid to the Turkish government and Greek government.4 The British government promptly informed the United States government of their predicament, the latter became concerned about the situation of the two nations, as Greek was imminently facing civil war while Turkey was in need of assistance to enable her modernize. The Americans feared that the two nations would eventually fall into the soviet’s communist expansion plan, the then united states under secretary of state Dean Acheson presented to the president arguments, which would counter the communism expansion by the soviets. He pointed out that when the one country acknowledges communism or perhaps falls into the philosophy of communism, the adjacent countries would follow suit, he noted that Greek’s and Turkey’s neighbors had fallen i nto the communist trap. Therefore, halting the spread and increase of communism became a major foreign policy of USA, this was known as the American containment policy. The Truman Doctrine pronounced that the United States would pledge financial and material aid both to Greece and to Turkey, to curb the spread of communism and the fall of these two nations into the philosophy of communism. The Truman Doctrine has also been applied when the United States invaded, annexed and occupied Hawaii.5 He pointed out that Truman and his British allies at the end of the Second World War forced the soviets to relinquish their positions in Iran, and thereafter the president did not want to overthrow the government of Mosaddegh despite persistent requests from Britain. The policy was expanded beyond the two nations and it was spread to encompass Europe and every corner of the globe. The policy became very aggressive and the in turn became America’s formal foreign policy of containing the So viet’s, they actually did away with the detente policy that was espoused by America’s envoy to Moscow, George Kennan. As an American policy on foreign relations, the united states were forced to intervene when the soviet forces invaded and attempted to spread communism in Vietnam, Korea and Iran. However, the United States flopped heavily in the wars against the

Institutional Investment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Institutional Investment - Essay Example The discussion will, however, start by providing background information on the two plans. These plans are abstractly simpler and involve the employer (and in some cases the employee) making regular contributions to the retirement account of the employee. The amount of contributions is predetermined, usually a specified fraction of the salary. This fraction is, however, subject to alterations in the course of the employee’s career. In this plan, the both contributions are tax-deductible although the investment income accumulates tax-free. In most cases, the employee decides on his/her choice of account investment. This may include investing in stock markets, bonds or any security that pleases them. At retirement, the employee can either receive an annuity or a lump sum, and the size of this money depends on the value of the accumulated funds in the employee’s retirement account (Poterba et al., 2007). The employee bears the risk of their investment and thus the employer has no any extra obligation beyond contributing to their employee’s retirement pla n account. The valuation of defined contribution plans is simple and involves measuring the market value of the assets created in the retirement account. In most cases, the employee is guided in their personal financial planning by their defined contributions plan’s sponsor (Clark 1999). Unlike the defined contributions plan which focuses more on the value of retirement account’s created assets, defined benefits plan focuses on the flow of benefits received by the employee at retirement. Typically, a defined benefits plan uses the employee’s wage history and the years of service as the determinants of the value of the benefit (Huberman, Iyengar & Jiang 2007). Upon retirement, the employee receives a defined monthly amount that is guaranteed for their life and that of their spouse. In some cases, the plan allows room

Eisenhower's Farewell Address Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Eisenhower's Farewell Address - Essay Example The Pentagon is the headquarters of the Department of Defence. Much of the focus of the complex is on this institution as this is where the money goes and the decisions are made. This was especially true during the height of the Cold War when the U.S. faced an existential threat from the Soviet Union, and members of the complex could use fear to strengthen their arguments. These groups not only felt that America needed to spend more on the military to survive, they also wanted more money spent so that they themselves could be enriched. Many of these programs would not have been a good use of taxpayers funds. For Eisenhower, this was unacceptable. He valued a strong national defence policy, but he was concerned that defence spending was taking over and that it was eating into other programs. He knew that for America to be strong it needed both a powerful military and also the social and cultural programs that made it a beacon of freedom to the world. He believed that too much power in the hands of the military-industrial complex would have negative consequences. Work consulted Bowie, Robert R. and Richard H. Immerman. (1998). Waging Peace: How Eisenhower Shaped an Enduring Cold War Strategy. Oxford University Press.

Urban Studies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Urban Studies - Essay Example ential by setting up a recreational park in the area much to the chagrin of the local community that comprises of Native American people who have valuable cultural attachment to the place. The conflict between the two culminated to a standoff that lasted 109 days thereby embodied a typical conflict over urban land use as the discussion below portrays. The two groups, The Greater Vallejo Recreation District and the Native American people, both had claims that appeared legitimate to them. To the Native American people, the land was their sacred ground. They gathered in the land for spiritual functions including burial. As such, the place was the resting ground for their ancestors thus was of immense cultural values. They had decorated the land with numerous valuable cultural products and maintained its gardens. Also known to them as the Sogorea Te, the Native people claim that the ground has been their burial and religious site for more than 3,000 years. As such, the people have a historical and cultural attachment to the place that makes it impossible for them to surrender the land to the Greater Vallejo Recreation District (Parrish, 2015). The Greater Vallejo Recreation District on the other hand views the business potential of the strait. The district embodies the modern day urban economy, which continues to foster changes in land use throughout the world. Recreational parks are significant facilities in the modern societies. They offer city residents with great outdoor activities as they walk with their children in the parks and get away from the busy life of the urban settings. To the city planners, recreational parks do not only beautify the scenery of a town but also adds an aesthetic value to the place. The Greater Vallejo Recreation District therefore viewed the business potential of the strait. They sought to rehabilitate the land by planting new plant species and providing reliable sanctuary to the rare animals in the area. Additionally, they would

Delegation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Delegation - Essay Example As the paper declares assignments that supposed to be delegated are those that will interest staff and make them content to be working on the assignment. Why do people like work? The respond is that the work one takes pleasure in involves learning new skills, is to some extent imperative and conceivably will obtain for staff members some credit and add to their status and future employability. This essay declares that to achieve those purposes, the human resources ought to be evaluated. Finding the right individual who will be thrilled about the assignment and advantage from it is crucial. A delegated assignment should intrinsically be a learning course for the individual accountable for it. On the other hand, the staff member chosen should have suitable acquaintance and skills to comprehend the nature and scope of the project. If the Elementary School Principal can sense an eagerness about the prospect, which is a hint that the correct staff member has been chosen for delegation of the assignment. As Fairfax County Public Schools uses delegation for development, evaluating and harmonizing the assignments to all human resources transforms increasingly significant. Giving development opportunities to only a few staff members will shortcut the Fairfax County Public Schools' capability to extend human resources with manifold skills and talents. Leaving some staff members out of the probability for development will also lead to turnover of otherwise excellent and productive human resources.

Urban Studies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Urban Studies - Essay Example ential by setting up a recreational park in the area much to the chagrin of the local community that comprises of Native American people who have valuable cultural attachment to the place. The conflict between the two culminated to a standoff that lasted 109 days thereby embodied a typical conflict over urban land use as the discussion below portrays. The two groups, The Greater Vallejo Recreation District and the Native American people, both had claims that appeared legitimate to them. To the Native American people, the land was their sacred ground. They gathered in the land for spiritual functions including burial. As such, the place was the resting ground for their ancestors thus was of immense cultural values. They had decorated the land with numerous valuable cultural products and maintained its gardens. Also known to them as the Sogorea Te, the Native people claim that the ground has been their burial and religious site for more than 3,000 years. As such, the people have a historical and cultural attachment to the place that makes it impossible for them to surrender the land to the Greater Vallejo Recreation District (Parrish, 2015). The Greater Vallejo Recreation District on the other hand views the business potential of the strait. The district embodies the modern day urban economy, which continues to foster changes in land use throughout the world. Recreational parks are significant facilities in the modern societies. They offer city residents with great outdoor activities as they walk with their children in the parks and get away from the busy life of the urban settings. To the city planners, recreational parks do not only beautify the scenery of a town but also adds an aesthetic value to the place. The Greater Vallejo Recreation District therefore viewed the business potential of the strait. They sought to rehabilitate the land by planting new plant species and providing reliable sanctuary to the rare animals in the area. Additionally, they would

Democracy and Citizenship Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Democracy and Citizenship - Term Paper Example However, in order to qualify and verify this preliminary belief, this paper would first try to provide a definition of deliberative democracy, as well as expound on what this may imply in today’s American society. Then, I would try to apply such definition of deliberative democracy on what I believe in and on what I stand for, for me to be able to accurately identify on whether my actions and my beliefs can be identified with that of a deliberative democrat. Finally, after such assessment, at the end of the paper, I would summarize the main arguments, and would critically reflect on deliberative democracy with respect to the evidences that I presented earlier in the paper, as well as from scholarly academic resources. A Definition of Deliberative Democracy A lot of people may ask, especially the ones who are not very well-acquainted with political science, on what deliberative democracy is all about. Given the fact that the â€Å"common sense† political landscape on the United States, especially from a layman’s view, is dominated by the belief that the United States has one of the best models of democracy, and that major political parties only consist of the Republicans and the Democrats, a general meaning of deliberative democracy may be seen as obscure, or even unknown to many. ... paradox in the legitimacy of democracy, given the fact that, as Rousseau argues, there is actually a gap between the â€Å"will of all† and the â€Å"general will† (Benhabib 28); in this case, while the â€Å"will of all† represent â€Å"what specific individuals under concrete circumstances believe to be in their best interest,† it is not necessarily equal to the â€Å"general will† that represents â€Å"what they would believe to be in their collective interest if they were properly enlightened (Benhabib 28). Therefore, the vote of the people, which represents the will of all, may not necessarily represent the general will, which rationally answers the best interest of the people when collectively taken into consideration (Benhabib 29). In this case, Benhabib actually argues that deliberative democracy is the answer to such paradox, in which she defines deliberative democracy as a model wherein †¦legitimacy and rationality can be attained wi th regard to collective decision making processes in a polity if and only if the institutions of this polity and their interlocking relationship are so arranged that what is considered in the common interest of all (in Rousseau’s term, the â€Å"general will†) results from processes of collective deliberation conducted rationally and fairly among free and equal individuals. The more collective decision making processes approximate this model, the more the presumption of their legitimacy and rationality increases. (Benhabib 30-31). From such definition of deliberative democracy, we can see that this kind of democracy actually claims that collective decision making through deliberation is the most effective way of reaching the â€Å"general will† of the people (over the method of voting, which only reaches the â€Å"will of all†), making it

Public School vs Private School Essay Example for Free

Public School vs Private School Essay Education can be considered one of the most important decisions parents make for their children. Why? Because education lays the foundation to future success in life, I personally understood this concept early on in life. My parents from as far back as I can remember taught me the value of having an education. I can still remember my mom preaching to my younger brother and me about how the only thing an individual cannot take away from another individual is the knowledge gained in this world. Now many years later I find myself in the same position as many parents when it comes to education. I have to make the decision whether or not to send my child to public school or a private institution. How do public schools and private schools compare? And is there much of a difference? Admission standards for public schools and private schools are similar in comparison when it comes to placement testing and reviewing previous transcripts from other institutions. Public schools unlike private schools are required by law to accept individual as long as the individual is attending a school in the district that they live in. Admission to a private school is not regulated by law and is up to the digression of the school administrators and if the requirements were met by the individual. Because private schools are more selective in their admission process parents tend to base part of their decision on the reputation. Private schools of good reputation are challenging to get accepted into because of the prominent level of competition at the admissions level. Curriculum is a major influence on a parent’s decision whether or not to send their child to private or public school. In both private and public schools cover basic subjects such as English, Social Studies, Mathematics, and Science. By law public schools must follow state curriculum standards, which the schools are subject to state standardize academic testing. Whereas private school has much more freedom in their curriculum simply because they are not require to teach only basic subjects and are not subjected to state standardize testing. Private schools do subject the students to test but only based on comprehension and proficiency rather than retention. Since private schools have freedom in their curriculum, the schools have the opportunity to provide specialized courses and independent study to the students. Cost is the deal breaker in the decision on whether or not to send a child to private school or public school. In both public school and private school a financial investment is made in a child. But the best way to cut the cost especially if the affordability of attending private school is out of the question is to send your child to public school. Public Schools are financially supported by the property taxes in the local area alongside funding from state and federal government. Unlike public schools, private schools do not receive support from property taxes. The way private schools receive funding is through fundraising, the tuition from the student body, and in some cases partial government funding. Because of the lack of state and federal assistance the average tuition cost in the United States according to the National Association of Independent Schools (NAIS) is roughly $17,000 to $50,000 a year. To offset the high cost of tuition parents should seek out financial aid, financi ng, and payment plans with the private institution. The decision to place a child into a public school or a private school is not a decision that should be made overnight there is a lot to consider, most importantly the child. As a parent it is imperative to re-evaluate the child before placing the child in school because the child has to be placed in a school that is the right fit. Placing a child that thrives in a smaller group setting or enjoys one on one time I would personally consider private school as an option. If the child enjoys a larger group setting placing the child in public school will be right fit too. Overall the affordability of public school is more reasonable and the flexibility of curriculum of a private school is things can be negotiated when making the final decision. As a parent I know that the child best interest is always in the forefront whether I decide on a public school or private school.

The Optimists Daughter: A Look at Death and Dying Essays -- Optimist

The Optimist's Daughter: A Look at Death and Dying  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   "Fay struck out with her hands, hitting at Major Bullock and Mr. Pitts and Sis, fighting with her mother, too, for a moment. She showed her claws at Laurel, and broke from the preachers last-minute arms and threw herself forward across the coffin on to the pillow, driving her lips without aim against the face under hers. She was dragged back into the library, screaming, by Miss Tennyson Bullock, out of sight behind the blanket of greenery. Judge McKelva's smoking chair lay behind them, overturned" (86). This is a short excerpt from The Optimist's Daughter (1972) by the Pulitzer Prize winner for fiction, Eudora Welty. The story is centered around Laurel McKelva Hand, a young woman who left her home in the South to live in Chicago. While in Chicago she meets Philip Hand, and they are married. Philip, however, goes to war and never returns. Laurel is now venturing to New Orleans to be with her dying father. After his death Laurel and her obnoxious stepmother, Fay, travel back to Laurel's home town of Mount Salus, Mississippi. Once in Mount Salus, Laurel is greeted with many friends and acquaintances. The whole town has already prepared for Laurel and the remains of her father. The day of the funeral the whole town stops to pay their respects; the school ,the bank, the post office, and the court house all close. The funeral is perfect, but Laurel struggles with letting her father go. Laurel's "bridesmaids" also struggle; the "bridesmaids" are Laurel's closest friends and range from young to elderly women. After the funeral is over Fay returns with her family to Texas for a few days while Laurel finishes saying goodbye to her old house. Fay is very bitter t... ...eels about her. Fay, on the other hand, would be lost without her Texan accent. The Optimist's Daughter opens the mind of the reader to let him see the many reactions of friends and relatives to death and dying. As Fay strikes out during the funeral it is easy to recognize that culture also plays into people's reactions. When Fay kisses her husband goodbye, while he was in the coffin, it is because that is what her mother would have done. It can be very hard to deal with the death of a loved one, but sometimes it is even harder to deal with how others are reacting. The novel explains that, "Memory lived not in initial possession but in the freed hands, pardoned and freed, and in the heart that can empty but fill again, in the patterns of restored dreams"(179). Works Cited: Welty, Eudora. The Optimist's Daughter. The Vintage Book 1990 Edition. New York.

Inventions :: Technological Scientific Advancement

Stepping into the 21st century, almost everybody is living on the edge of technological and scientific advancements. Many inventions and discoveries have been made by so many great minds whose purposes were to make our life always better than before. Ever since the beginning of all mankind, humans have always had the ambition to improve their life. From that ancient time to the present, we can’t list all of our discoveries and inventions. Each of them is very important and helped making our life better. Among these, three most important inventions that define our life in the 21st century are automobile, computer, and music.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dated back even to the ancient time, transportation has always been a very important thing. Back then, ships were the only mean of transportation for human to travel from one place to another. It was a great method of transportation and even used until today. In the 1800s, human saw the emergence of train as the primary method of transportation on land. But the greatest thing was yet to come. Automobiles came to life in late 1800s and begin to shape people’s life so differently that it defined the new era from the past. In the 1900s, Ford made automobiles a lot cheaper and this mean transportation for everybody to everywhere. No longer human had to be restricted to single route for the masses. Each family can now own an automobile and can go anywhere the roads permit anytime they want. This is a new sort of freedom for each individual. They don’t have to gather to one place at a specific time, going to the same destination as in the past. This kind o f freedom is the stuff that defines the modern world. Take away the automobile and imagine how our life will be. Will 21st century be 21st century if we don’t have the freedom to traverse from point A to point B?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Automobiles have given people the mean of transportation, but in 1940s a new inventions was made. Computers came to the world and have completely taken the whole world to a new different level. Modern age wouldn’t be modern age if it wasn’t for the computers. Invented in 1945, but came into our life in less then 20 years, computers have changed the way people live. Nobody would refuse the fact that computers have blended themselves into our life. Inventions :: Technological Scientific Advancement Stepping into the 21st century, almost everybody is living on the edge of technological and scientific advancements. Many inventions and discoveries have been made by so many great minds whose purposes were to make our life always better than before. Ever since the beginning of all mankind, humans have always had the ambition to improve their life. From that ancient time to the present, we can’t list all of our discoveries and inventions. Each of them is very important and helped making our life better. Among these, three most important inventions that define our life in the 21st century are automobile, computer, and music.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dated back even to the ancient time, transportation has always been a very important thing. Back then, ships were the only mean of transportation for human to travel from one place to another. It was a great method of transportation and even used until today. In the 1800s, human saw the emergence of train as the primary method of transportation on land. But the greatest thing was yet to come. Automobiles came to life in late 1800s and begin to shape people’s life so differently that it defined the new era from the past. In the 1900s, Ford made automobiles a lot cheaper and this mean transportation for everybody to everywhere. No longer human had to be restricted to single route for the masses. Each family can now own an automobile and can go anywhere the roads permit anytime they want. This is a new sort of freedom for each individual. They don’t have to gather to one place at a specific time, going to the same destination as in the past. This kind o f freedom is the stuff that defines the modern world. Take away the automobile and imagine how our life will be. Will 21st century be 21st century if we don’t have the freedom to traverse from point A to point B?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Automobiles have given people the mean of transportation, but in 1940s a new inventions was made. Computers came to the world and have completely taken the whole world to a new different level. Modern age wouldn’t be modern age if it wasn’t for the computers. Invented in 1945, but came into our life in less then 20 years, computers have changed the way people live. Nobody would refuse the fact that computers have blended themselves into our life.

Shawshank Redemption Under the 4 Frames of Organizational Views

I. Problema â€Å"Shawshank Redemption† Brief Summary: Andy Dufresne a young and successful banker is sent to Shawshank Prison for the murder of his wife and secret lover. When he first arrives in prison he is very isolated and lonely. With time he realizes there is something deep within every man, that no other can touch, that will help him get through this phase in his life. This element is Hope. Andy becomes friends with prison ‘fixer' Red  and becomes influential within the prison, with both guards and inmates. Andy epitomizes why it is crucial to have dreams.His spirit and determination, leads him to plan one of the most elaborate prison breaks in Shawshank and filled with courage and desire he completes his daring escape. Political Issues The 2 biggest political issues we see in this movie is the relationship between the guards and the prisoners, and the warden stand on Andy’s meaning to him. The only way to have an easier sentence and have good relationsh ips with the guards is the use of buying them and having them be quiet and silent or noisy and violent when necessary.This is seeing in the movie when guards walk by and ignore acts of rape or violence, or when they act upon their own instincts to punish or abuse another prisoner, to make a statement. This helps create a reputation among not only the guards; but the prisoners. With some of them, knowing how to use the guards to their benefit and that allows them to create factions for other motives. The relationship Andy established with Red (Morgan Freeman) can also be viewed as a political movement towards neutrality, and avoid being casted in a specific prison group, faction or movement.The way the Warden treats Andy during the whole movie is a use of extreme political power. Authority based on state powers which is used for individual benefits and be subdued when necessary. Using Andy when needed and punishing him when he gets out of line. Creating the relationship of power and authority. Symbolic Issues It’s hard to pinpoint what the administrative characters symbolize, since most of them play to their roles exactly to what we expect from them. The warden for example plays a rough, violent, political figure which is seeing by the way he runs the prison.The guards are the typical peons in a chess game, where they don’t ask why things happen, they just obey their orders. Personally I believe that 4 characters make up the individual in the movie. We might see ourselves in any of these characters. Red (Morgan Freeman) The Best Friend. The man who knows the ins and out of the prison. It’s been there for a long time and has created a neutral or conformist position on the issues that arise. Viewed as the person nobody can hate; because of his easy going attitude and willingness to help the ones that seek him. Brooks Hatlen (James Whitmore)The grandfather of the group. Silent but participate, his opinion holds good power because he has become institutionalized by the prison, by age. When let free from prison, we can’t deal with the outside burdens and feels disconnected from the present world. He kills himself and we see him as retired old man, without family of friends, with no motive to live. A depressed old man. Andy Dufrasne (Tim Robbins) The hero of the movie. Manages to be likeable; but strong enough to convey a stand against abusive authority. Playing your cards in a well thought out game to reach the conclusion you need.Andy not only escapes from prison; but also shines the light on the corrupt system the prison was having. Tommy Williams (Gil Bellows) The loose gun. That person we see on our lives that we can’t get through to. Could be a son, a brother or a close friend. Even though we know the bad things, we believe there is still hope to save him and have him change. When he is murdered in the movie, we think to our selves, It was too late for him. He already dug up his tomb. There’s alwa ys someone in our lives that we wish we could save. ———————————————————————II. Some Unconscious Aspects of Organizations Help create a Psychological Frame from this Article From reading the lecture, I won’t bother in recreating each aspect of the stories. Instead I will try to create and explain the postulates, that I believe, make up the psychological frame. Also I’ll link personal examples to the postulates. 1. Organizations are always linked to the person who creates them From hiring the first employees and creating the standards of supervision. Companies will always remember the person who created them.Some companies create Principles or Values, to linger the essence of the first â€Å"settler†. a. Personal example: The Company Mars Inc. known mostly for Chocolate and PetCare food, has been always a private, family owned company. As soon as new employees are hired, they are treated as â€Å"associates† and taught the 5 family principles, to longer stretch the Mars Philosophy of work. 2. Human Aspect will be translated from founder to organization Any aspect or specific personality the founder has, will be shown on either company view or work style.Not only Unconscious Aspects talks about this translation happening; but also Perfection or Bust, talks about an Obsessive Compulsive Company. b. Personal Example: An accounting company founded by a man that likes to commit to a lot of contracts, without evaluating the resources on hand. A compulsive man that reacts before analyzing and then becomes harsh upon reviewing results. 3. Change in governing factors are related to change in employees, and might be temporary Even though must companies maintain a certain style of work and certain way to act upon the public eye; these aspects might change or evolve with time.Most compani es are viewed by the people who employ the company at that moment. That’s why opinions may vary from time to time, depending on who holds management. c. Personal Example: P&G has been viewed as a conservative company, by others in the industry. A public company, result oriented in which whoever works there, must be extremely efficient and intelligent to achieve a position. Other General Manager have tried to create a more liberal and laid back style of work; but have been put out by upper management; but during those times, the companies style and opinion was different. . Development of employees is more of an indoctrination The training of the job, will come tied to the ideology of the company. Created by the founder of the company. This way, the work style and culture is propagated by the same employees and on hand-training. d. Personal Example: Both P&G and Mars Inc. , create online assessment, where the company’s history and culture is explained in detail. Helping the employee or associate get acquainted with the company’s culture.

It236 Week 2

Web site plan part one. * Tittle: Cocibolca Money Transfer web site. This site will be design for a small money transfer business, in need of a web site to promote their services and to try to enhance their business success. * Site purpose- The purpose of my site is to promote and informed customers about the products and services offered by this small business services. In which customers will be able to see and understand the different products and services in detail; such as pricing on every product and services.By creating and maintaining this site the company, is hoping to gain more customers to use their services. This site will help the company to keep up with today’s business standards. * Key points of this web site- This web site will be focused in providing a customer service and successful customer experience. 1. Detail information- when customers go online, they do not want to make a phone call or email a company to obtain the information that they need about produ cts and services.The goal is to provide ensure that, when a customer goes into this web site easily find answers to any questions. 2. Services- On this site the services offered by this company, will be describe in detail using a good visual design. Having this in mind it is important to have clean and simple design that will stand out from competitors. A great visual design will catch the attention of everyone that logs in; the first impression it is crucial. 3.Contact information- It is essential to provide contact information that a potential customer can use easily. It is ideal to provide more than one contact method, such and email address and also a contact form. 4. Search field- Having a search field will be very beneficial; it can be very frustrating having to go over a few pages of site before obtaining information of a specific service or content. * Target Audience-The target audience will be the Hispanic community that uses the products and services of money transfer busi ness.The local Hispanic community of Miami Dade County especially those from south and Central America that are known to use money transfer services very often. * Pages transition- In this site I am planning to create a uniform look among each page and sections of the site. By reinforcing and identifying elements of the site and create smooth transitions from one page to another by repeating colors and fonts and by using a page layout that allows hierarchical levels. On this site I also think that it is imperative to use all the blank spaces of every pages and section on the site.With the use of every white space on this web site, will guide the readers and it will define each area of the site. * Slogan- Good service is our expertise!!!!! — This slogan will induce the target audience to use the business services, and the slogan drive the site content, because it represent everything that will be presented on the web site. Every service available to help every customer in thei r needs and also to demonstrate the expertise of the business in servicing customers is presented on this slogan. Sources: (Sklar)

Study Of The Term Gifted In America History Essay

The earliest known reference of the term gifted in America can be traced back to 1868. It was in St. Louis in 1868 that the overseer of schools in St. Louis made attempts to addressed the instruction of talented pupils. In 1901 a school in Worster, Massachusetts was the first school to offer a particular school for the gifted. Curiously plenty, the following important development in the history of the gifted in America must get down in Europe, as the developments there had an impact upon the capable affair of the history of the gifted in America. In 1905, two Gallic research workers, Binet-Simon, created a method of analyzing higher mental processes.2 The Binet-Simon â€Å" trial was used to assist place school-aged kids who were mentally retarded. â€Å" 3 After the Binet-Simon trial in France, three major developments in the history of the gifted in America occurred from 1916-1918. The first of the three major developments occurred in 1916. Though the capable affair of this paper , the â€Å" History of Gifted in America, † evidently involves the gifted in America, it must get down with this European milepost of the work competed in France because the Binet-Simon trial, â€Å" the first practical intelligence graduated table † 4, would be subsequently revised by an American research worker by the name of Lewis Terman, who is otherwise known as the â€Å" male parent † of the talented instruction movement.5 The alteration would subsequently be known as the Stanford-Binet trial in 1916.6 The alteration of the Binet-Simon trial by Terman resulted in the celebrated nomenclature, I. Q. or intelligence quotient. The following major development in the history of the gifted in America involves the Great War. After being thrust into the mist of the Great War by the Zimmerman Note, a finding was made by military functionaries in America to use two trials â€Å" to measure the aptitude of nonreader, untaught, or non-English speech production conscripts and voluntaries, † for the war,7 ( of which Lewis Terman played a cardinal function as well.8 ) In 1917, the alpha and the Beta trials were used by the armed forces. Harmonizing to a web site entitled ASVAB, â€Å" In 1917-1918, the Army alpha and Beta trials were developed so that military commanding officers could hold some step of the ability of their forces. The Army Alpha was a group-administered trial that measured verbal ability, numerical ability, ability to follow waies, and cognition of information. The Army Beta was a non-verbal opposite number of the Army Alpha. â€Å" 9 The 3rd major accomplishment I the field of the gifted in America occurred in 1918. It was in 1918 that Lulu Stedman established an â€Å" chance room † for talented pupils within the University Training School at the Southern Branch of the University of California. â€Å" 10 During the mid-twentiess, four achievements contributed to the development of the history of the gifted in America. With the end of helping in the creative activity of a system of meritocracy, which is a â€Å" societal order based on graded degrees of native ability † ,11 in 1921Lewis Terman conducted the longest running longitudinal survey of about 1500 pupils. Terman ‘s intent for carry oning the survey was to confute the belief â€Å" that gifted kids were underdeveloped in nonintellectual countries. â€Å" 12 Ultimately, Terman concluded that talented kids excelled in academic countries and were emotionally secure.13 The 2nd development in the country of the gifted in America occurred one twelvemonth subsequently. In 1922, Leta Hollingsworth of Columbia University, an advocator for working with talented pupils in New York, opened an â€Å" Opportunity category in P.S. 165 in New York City † 14. The following two events concerned publications of the two rese arch workers mentioned supra. In 1925 Lewis Terman published Genetic Studies of Genius which concluded that â€Å" a ) qualitatively different in schools, B ) somewhat better physically and emotionally in comparing to normal pupils, degree Celsius ) higher-up in academic topics in comparing to the mean pupils, vitamin D ) emotionally stable, e ) most successful when instruction and household values were held in high respect by the household, and degree Fahrenheit ) boundlessly variable in combination with the figure of traits exhibited by those in the studyaˆÂ ¦ † 15 The 2nd work was published by Leta Hollingsworth in 1926. Hollingsworth ‘s work was entitled the Gifted Child: Their Nature and Raising and was considered the first text edition on talented instruction. Ten old ages subsequently Hollingsworth established P.S. 500, the Speyer School which was focused upon supplying instruction for gifted Children.16 Though a handful of research workers were working hard to convey attending to the gifted in America, the beginning of the Cold War would catapult the issue of the gifted in America to the head of many of the issues confronting the state in the 1950s and catapult the American authorities into the treatment of the gifted in America. In 1950 J.P. Guilford challenged â€Å" an scrutiny of intelligence as a multidimensional concept † , and the â€Å" National Science foundation Act provid ( erectile dysfunction ) federal support for research and instruction in mathematics, physical scientific discipline, and technology. â€Å" 17 In 1954, the â€Å" National association of Gifted kids † was established under the leading of ann Issacs, in add-on to the determination of Brown v. Board of Education which ended the â€Å" separate but equal † philosophy in education.18 after the successful launching of the Sputnick ballistic capsule in 1957 by the Union of Soviet Social ist Republics, the United States was forced to concentrate its attending on its â€Å" human capital † and the province of instruction in America. The United States began to pass big amounts of capital in an effort to place â€Å" the brightest and gifted pupils who would outdo net income from an advanced math, scientific discipline, and engineering. â€Å" 19 the following twelvemonth, the â€Å" National Defense Education Act † signaled the first full graduated table enterprise by the federal authorities in the country of the gifted in America.20 In 1972 the Marland Report issued a formal definition of giftedness and suggested that schools adopt a definition which would include academic and rational endowment in add-on to leading ability, ocular ability and psychomotor ability.21 In 1974, the â€Å" Office of the Gifted and Talented † was given official status.22 Approximately ten old ages subsequently another study, issued by the Secretary of the Department of Education declared that the United States of America was at hazard due to a â€Å" rising tide of averageness that threatens the really hereafter of the country.23 In 1988 a strong advocate of the gifted in America, United States Senator Jacob Javitz was recognized in an passage which, bearing his name sought to supply capital for research â€Å" into the best schemes to assist talented pupils † in America and by placing â€Å" pupils from hapless backgrounds, non-English † talking backgrounds and ‘the disabled to take part in talented instr uction. â€Å" 24 Ten old ages after the â€Å" State at Risk † study issued by the United States Department of Education, another study was issued by the United States Department of Education entitled â€Å" National Excellence † . In this 1993 study sketch how America neglected talented pupils in the state and offered some recommendations on how to proceed.25 In 1998, â€Å" the National association for Gifted Children published a papers entitled â€Å" Pre-K-Grade 12 Gifted Plan Standards † to supply counsel in seven cardinal countries to plan helping gifted and talented pupils † 26 Finally, in the Twenty first century the â€Å" No Child Left behind statute law was enacted. This jurisprudence efficaciously reauthorizes the Elementary and Secondary Education Act. â€Å" The Javitz plan is included in NCLB, and expanded to offer competitory statewide grants. † The definition of the term gifted was modified.

Internal Analysis of Wall-Mart Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Internal Analysis of Wall-Mart - Case Study Example The paper also details how Wal-Mart can guard against the internal weaknesses and avoid the external threats. Wal-Mart Stores is the number one retail store in the World in volume. The company has more than 7,250 stores," including about 975 discount stores, 2,800 combination discount and grocery stores (Wal-Mart Supercenters in the US and ASDA in the UK), and 590 warehouse stores (SAM'S CLUB)". (Hoovers. Com) The Company is the number one retail store in Canada and Mexico and owns 95 percent stakes in the largest Japanese retailer SEIYU. The company is operating in most parts of Asia, Europe and South America. The company has achieved a Turnover of $ 378,799 million for the fiscal year ended January 2008 employing about 2,100,000 people. In the area of management Wal-Mart has been a committed entity in respect of its responsibilities towards customers as well as communities. The corporate structure of Wal-Mart has three core values of respect for the individual, service to their customers, and striving for excellence. These values have enabled the company achieve the fete of the largest retailer of the world. The marketing strategy in the form of Every Day Low Price (EDLP) strategy has been found to be successful in enhancing the sales growth. The customer oriented approach is one other core value of the company. With ten different divisions of the company available in one place the customer can have a one stop shopping experience which is one of the core strengths of the company. On the financial aspects the company has shown consistent sales and profitability growth during the past years. The company has all its financial ratios indicating its financial strength. The stock price movements are yet another indication of the financial strength of the company. The company has strong and well oriented distribution networks, well equipped and mechanized distribution centers which provide an efficient supply chain management and enormous economies of scale in the operations of the company. The company employs the latest and most sophisticated information and communication technology which enables the company to operate with a clock like precision. Weaknesses The absence of a proper and formal mission statement is the fundamental weakness of the company. The company's mission statement does not provide the necessary definition of their business and does not also provide the direction for the employees. The company has not recognized diversity in the employment with few females in the top management and few minorities. This is a dent in the corporate image of the company. Non-unionization is another weakness of the company. The employees do not have a forum to raise their concerns and hence the employees lack bargaining power. On the marketing side the company has the biggest weakness of continuous expansion. The company has acquired the hatred of many social organizations in smaller towns across United Stated because of the adverse economic impact the company is creating on smaller towns and the trade within these towns. The major complaint in the operation of the store is the increased average time that an

Film theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Film theory - Essay Example According to the research findings one of seminal theorist Andre Bazin’s arguments was that the film strategies of montage versus mise-en-scene were more than mere formal strategies, but choices that were connected to the viewer’s agency to interpret the images presented. In understanding Bazin’s argument one must understand his perspective on the meaning of art. In these regards, Bazin notes that with the advent of advanced representational painting societies no longer felt the need to preserve aspects of their existence in a way similar to the Egyptian tombs. This insight leads him to consider that art functions primarily as a representation of reality. He even notes that, â€Å"the cinema is objectivity in time†. This means that the cinema itself not an artificial form, but the objective capture of reality in real-time. For Bazin, film is further divided between montage and more static mise-en-scene tendencies. Bazin recognizes that with the development of film, increasing formal language elements have emerged in the form of montage. One filmmaker that Bazin celebrates is Sondheim. Bazin states that Sondheim, â€Å"rejects photographic expressionism and the tricks of montage† and that, â€Å"In his films reality lays itself bare†. Essentially Bazin recognizes that while montage constitutes a more formal film language, such an evolution is ill-suited to the true meaning of film. For Bazin, deep-focus then becomes the highest form of filmic explication as it eschews formalist interference for what he believes is the unencumbered expression of reality. While exploring many of the same foundational elements regarding the objective of filmmaking as Bazin, Kracauer discussed realistic versus formative filmic tendencies and theorized their most effective uses. Kracauer traces the roots of the realist and formalist divide in the very earliest silent film productions. He argues that the Lumiere films, with their direct depict ions of daily life, represent the realistic tendency in film. While Kracauer doesn’t openly deride the Lumiere films, he attributes their eminence not to artistic legitimacy, but instead to the newness of the medium. Conversely, for Kracauer Melies represents the formative tendency of the film medium. While Bazin and Kracauer agree regarding the division between realist and formalist tendencies, they disagree as to their aesthetic merit. While Bazin idealizes realism, Kracauer embraces formalism as the next step in the evolution of film. Kracauer notes, â€Å"Imagine a film which†¦records interesting aspects of physical reality but does so in a technically imperfect manner†¦such a film is more specifically a film than one which utilizes brilliantly all the cinematic devices†¦to produce a statement disregarding camera reality† (Kracauer, p. 145). In these regards, Kracauer agrees with Bazin that film should remain true to camera reality, but indicates tha t the formal elements of film editing can contribute to this reality when unnoticed. This is contrasted with Bazin who foregrounded deep focus as the highest form of film technique. A notable insight regarding Kracauer is that he is not simply in favor of technical wizardry, but believes film technique must conform to camera reality.

FEMA Incident Command Systems and National Incident Management Systems Research Paper

FEMA Incident Command Systems and National Incident Management Systems Related to Law Enforcement Personnel - Research Paper Example As a law enforcement officer involved in special operations you have to be able to effectively respond to such operations using certain established guidelines and principles to protect property, live and the environment and restore normalcy. The Federal Emergency Management Authority (FEMA) is one such body under the US Department of Homeland Security tasked with handling emergency situations. Given that emergencies are unpredictable events that require cross functional approaches, as more than one agency may be involved, hence the need for a standardized approach and guidelines that are not specific to one agency. The FEMA has a system called the Incident Command System (ICS) that employs methods and standards that have been verified for efficiency and success in the business world and applied to emergency situations using a standard command, control and coordination system to achieve the aims of emergency responses and management. The ICS system enables proper cooperation and coord ination among different agencies since there are emergency occasions when as a special operations officer you may come under the command of someone from a different agency such as fire fighting whose methods and command structures could be different from special operations. This paper will therefore examine the beginnings of ICS, the development of new rules and guidelines with emphasis to the presidential order to the Department for Homeland Security in response to the September 11th terrorist attacks and then look at the guidelines from various sources, discuss them and draw conclusions. ICS can be traced to the 1970s when wildfires became a big problem in California when the state, federal, county and local fire departments, recognizing that no one agency can handle a fire emergency all alone, joined together to form a platform called the Firefighting Resources of California Organized for Potential Emergencies (FIRESCOPE) that pinpointed certain problems common to emergencies and hindering inter agency cooperation, including non uniform terms and commands, non-aligned communication, a missing scope for increasing or reducing the size of the joint response team depending on the situation, deficient combined plans of action plans and a lack of a command system to oversee inter agency operations (Haddow, Bullock & Coppola, 2011). The ICS is a model tactic built on best practice standards for managing emergencies and incidents that allow for a synchronized response from different agencies that creates a shared approach to scheduling and managing resources and enhances the incorporation of equipment, facilities, staff, systems within a unified organizational framework (â€Å"Introduction to the ICS†, 2009). The ICS has however evolved into an all inclusive emergency response and coordination approach for emergencies that utilizes a unified structure of organization and management system. The ICS is based on five main premises: Command, Logistics, Operatio ns, Planning, Finance/Administration (â€Å"What is the ICS?† 2010) During an emergency the law enforcement agencies leadership is organized into the above units with each having a jurisdiction over all the different agencies involved in the emergency. After the September 11t